Physics: Momentum and Impulse

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Questions and Answers

Momentum is a measure of an object’s ______ and depends on both its mass and velocity.

motion

The formula for momentum is ______ = mass × velocity.

Momentum

A heavier object or one moving quickly has more ______, requiring more force to stop.

momentum

Impulse describes the change in ______ of an object due to a force applied over a certain time period.

<p>momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The impulse acting on an object is equal to its change in ______.

<p>momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soft surfaces help in ______ force and extending impact time, reducing injury risk.

<p>distributing</p> Signup and view all the answers

When falling onto a hard surface, the momentum change happens almost ______.

<p>instantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Impulse represents how much ______ changes when a force is applied over a given time.

<p>momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The longer the ______ over which force is applied, the less intense that force can be.

<p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fast-moving baseball has high ______ due to its speed.

<p>momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The force can be lower because of the inverse relationship between force and time in ______.

<p>impulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

By increasing impact time, the cushion distributes the force over a longer period, reducing the peak ______.

<p>force</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cushions and airbags are effective at reducing injury because they allow for a controlled, gradual ______.

<p>deceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

When falling on ______, the impact is immediate, resulting in a very high peak force.

<p>concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

Foam cushions compress, extending the ______ time.

<p>impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

The measure of an object's motion, defined as mass times velocity, is known as ______.

<p>momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the change in momentum, showing how a force applied over time affects motion.

<p>Impulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cushions help reduce the peak force experienced during a fall by distributing and absorbing ______ more gradually.

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The extended impact time provided by soft surfaces decreases peak force and makes impact ______.

<p>safer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cushions and other soft surfaces are designed to extend the time over which a ______ is applied.

<p>force</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Momentum

  • Momentum describes an object’s motion and is influenced by mass and velocity.
  • It can be calculated using the formula: Momentum = mass x velocity.
  • A higher momentum indicates a more challenging task to bring an object to a halt.
  • Examples: A fast baseball has high momentum due to its speed, while a slow-moving truck has high momentum due to its mass.

Impulse

  • Impulse represents the change in momentum of an object due to a force applied over a specific period.
  • Its calculation is: Impulse = Force x Time
  • This indicates that a longer force application time results in a less intense force.

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

  • This theorem asserts that an object's impulse is equivalent to its change in momentum.
  • When an object falls and makes contact with a surface, a rapid change in momentum occurs, and this change is equivalent to the impulse applied by the surface.

Impact Time and Force Distribution

  • A hard surface impact leads to rapid momentum change, resulting in a high peak force over a short period.
  • Impact time is extended by soft surfaces like cushions, resulting in a longer force application time.
  • This extended time leads to a lower peak force, reducing risk of injury.

Application

  • A concrete surface results in a short impact time, producing a high peak force, increasing injury risk.
  • A foam cushion, due to its compression, extends impact time, lowering the force required to stop the fall, creating a safer landing.

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