Physics Lesson 1: Electric Charge and Atoms

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'quantized' imply about electric charge?

  • Charge can exist in fractional amounts.
  • All charged objects have a whole-number multiple of fundamental charge. (correct)
  • Charge is only present in neutral materials.
  • Charge is randomly distributed across a material.

According to Coulomb's Law, what happens to the force between two point charges if the distance between them is halved?

  • The force doubles.
  • The force remains unchanged.
  • The force becomes half as strong.
  • The force quadruples. (correct)

What property distinguishes superconductors from regular conductors?

  • Superconductors exhibit infinite conductivity at specific temperatures. (correct)
  • Superconductors can only conduct at low temperatures.
  • Superconductors allow no current to flow.
  • Superconductors lose energy as thermal energy during conduction.

Which of the following correctly defines an electric field?

<p>The force experienced by a unit charge placed in the field. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario where two-point charges Q1=4.0μC and Q2=-2.0 μC are placed 3 cm apart, what type of force do they exert on each other?

<p>Attractive force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a semiconductor?

<p>Exhibits sufficient conductivity but acts as an insulator at certain times. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does conservation of electric charge state?

<p>The total charge in the universe is constant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the strength of an electric field in terms of field lines?

<p>The distance between field lines and their density. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Elementary Charge

The smallest unit of electric charge, equal to the magnitude of the charge of an electron or a proton.

Conservation of Electric Charge

The fundamental principle that states the net electric charge of an isolated system remains constant.

Conductor

A material that allows electric charge to flow easily through it.

Insulator

A material that resists the flow of electric charge.

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Semiconductor

A material with conductivity between a conductor and an insulator, its conductivity can be controlled.

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Superconductor

A material that offers zero resistance to the flow of electric charge, allowing current to pass without losing energy.

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Coulomb's Law

The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Electric Field

The electric force per unit charge at a point in space, created by an electric charge.

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Study Notes

Disclaimer

  • This presentation and its components (examples, images, references) are for informational purposes only
  • Credits for images are given to the open source providers
  • The presentation will not be used for promotional activities

Lesson 1

  • Topics covered include Electric Charge, Coulomb's Law, Electric Field, and Electric Flux

Electric Charge

  • Electric charge originates from the Greek word "Elektron" which means Amber.

The Structure of an Atom

  • Atoms contain electrons, protons, and neutrons
  • Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus
  • Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus
  • Neutrons are neutrally charged and found in the nucleus

The Sub-atomic Particles

  • Proton: Relative size- Large, Mass (kg) - 1.67 x 10-27, Charge (C) - +1.602 x 10-19
  • Neutron: Relative size- Large, Mass (kg) - 1.67 x 10-27, Charge (C) - 0
  • Electron: Relative size- Small, Mass (kg) - 9.11 x 10-31, Charge (C) - -1.602 x 10-19

Charge is Quantized

  • The charges of all observed objects are whole number multiples of a fundamental charge, like an electron's charge

Conservation of Electric Charge

  • The total electric charge in the universe remains constant.
  • No physical process can increase or decrease the overall charge.

Conductors and Insulators

  • Conductors: Allow charges to move freely
  • Insulators: Charges are not free to move

Electrical Conductors (Examples)

  • Silver
  • Gold
  • Copper
  • Steel
  • Sea Water

Electrical Insulators (Examples)

  • Rubber
  • Glass
  • Oil
  • Diamond
  • Dry Wood

Semiconductors

  • These materials have conductivity that is between a conductor and an insulator.

Superconductors

  • Conduct the flow of charges without any energy loss below a critical temperature

Gravity and Electric Force

  • Gravity: Origin - Masses, Formula - F = Gm1m2/r2, Type of force - Attractive
  • Electric Force: Origin - Charges, Formula - F = Kq1q2/r2, Type of force - Attractive or Repulsive

Coulomb's Law

  • The force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
  • F = kq1q2/r2
  • k = 8.99 × 109 Nm2/C2
  • ε0 = permittivity of free space

Electric Field

  • The amount of electric force per charge

Properties of Electric Fields

  • More field lines mean a stronger electric field
  • Field lines start on positive charges and end on negative charges
  • Field lines never cross

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