Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
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Questions and Answers

Who identified the electron in the atom?

J.J. Thomson

What did E. Goldstein discover in 1886, which ultimately led to the discovery of another sub-atomic particle?

E. Goldstein discovered canal rays, which were positively charged radiations.

What is the charge and mass of a proton?

Charge: plus one, Mass: approximately 2000 times that of the electron

How is an electron represented?

<p>An electron is represented as 'e–'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did J.J. Thomson propose about the structure of an atom?

<p>An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge and mass of an electron?

<p>Charge: minus one, Mass: considered to be negligible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the discovery of electrons and protons inside the atom lead to?

<p>The failure of Dalton's atomic theory's aspect of indivisibility and indestructibility of the atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the questions that arose regarding atoms and molecules?

<p>What makes the atom of one element different from the atom of another element, and are atoms really indivisible, as proposed by Dalton, or are there smaller constituents inside the atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the first indications that atoms are not indivisible?

<p>The results of studying static electricity and the condition under which electricity is conducted by different substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major challenge before the scientists at the end of the 19th century?

<p>To reveal the structure of the atom as well as to explain its important properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did E. Goldstein discover in 1886, which ultimately led to the discovery of another sub-atomic particle?

<p>Canal rays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge and mass of a proton?

<p>Charge: +1, Mass: approximately 2000 times that of an electron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who identified the electron in the atom?

<p>J.J. Thomson (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did J.J. Thomson propose about the structure of an atom?

<p>The atom contained at least one sub-atomic particle – the electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the first indications that atoms are not indivisible?

<p>Discovery of canal rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the discovery of electrons and protons inside the atom lead to?

<p>The failure of Dalton's atomic theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major challenge before the scientists at the end of the 19th century?

<p>Revealing the structure of the atom and explaining its important properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did J.J. Thomson propose about the structure of an atom?

<p>An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Dalton’s atomic theory was affected by the discovery of electrons and protons inside the atom?

<p>Atoms are indivisible and indestructible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did we learn in Chapter 3 about atoms and molecules?

<p>Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Who discovered the electron?

J.J. Thomson discovered the existence of electrons, negatively charged subatomic particles, within the atom.

What led to the discovery of the proton?

E. Goldstein's discovery of canal rays, positively charged radiations, provided evidence of another subatomic particle - the proton.

Describe the properties of a proton.

A proton carries a positive charge (+1) and is significantly heavier than an electron, approximately 2000 times its mass.

How is an electron represented?

The electron is represented by the symbol 'e–', indicating its negative charge.

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What was Thomson's model of the atom?

Thomson proposed that the atom was like a positively charged 'plum pudding,' with electrons embedded in it like plums.

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What are the properties of an electron?

An electron carries a negative charge (-1) and has a very small mass that is considered negligible compared to protons.

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How did the discovery of subatomic particles impact Dalton's theory?

The discovery of electrons and protons within the atom contradicted Dalton's theory that atoms were indivisible and indestructible.

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What questions arose after the discovery of subatomic particles?

The discovery of electrons and protons raised questions about the structure of atoms and led to the search for other subatomic particles.

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What were the first indications that atoms are not indivisible?

Early experiments involving static electricity and the conduction of electricity suggested that atoms were not indivisible.

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What was the challenge faced by scientists at the end of the 19th century?

Towards the end of the 19th century, scientists faced the challenge of understanding the atom's structure and explaining its properties.

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What did E. Goldstein discover in 1886?

E. Goldstein discovered canal rays in 1886, which were positively charged radiations, leading to the discovery of the proton.

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What is the charge and mass of a proton?

A proton carries a positive charge (+1) and is significantly heavier than an electron.

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Who identified the electron?

J.J. Thomson, through his experiments, concluded that the atom contained electrons, negatively charged subatomic particles.

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What was J.J. Thomson's model of the atom?

J.J. Thomson proposed a model of the atom with a positively charged sphere and electrons embedded in it like plums in a pudding.

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What was the first evidence of atoms being divisible?

The discovery of canal rays provided the first evidence that atoms are not indivisible, as they contain smaller, charged particles like protons.

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What did the discovery of subatomic particles do to Dalton's theory?

The discovery of electrons and protons within the atom challenged the key principle of Dalton's atomic theory that atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

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What was the challenge faced by scientists at the end of the 19th century?

Scientists at the end of the 19th century were challenged to decipher the structure of the atom and explain its properties, leading to further discoveries and theories.

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What did J.J. Thomson propose about the structure of an atom?

J.J. Thomson's model proposed that the atom had a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it, like plums in a pudding.

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Which aspect of Dalton’s atomic theory was challenged by the discovery of subatomic particles?

The discovery of electrons and protons inside the atom contradicted the principle of Dalton's atomic theory that atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

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What did we learn in Chapter 3 about atoms and molecules?

Chapter 3 introduced the concepts of atoms and molecules, highlighting their fundamental role in the structure and properties of matter.

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