Physics Lab 1 Test - Cell Cultures

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Questions and Answers

What is the hypothesis for the study presented in the article 'Diabetes Study Ends Early With a Surprising Result'?

Diet and exercise impacts likelihood of becoming diabetic.

Diet and exercise impact risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths in diabetics. (correct)

Diabetes impacts likelihood of developing heart disease.

Diet and exercise impact blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels in diabetics.

Identify the independent (IV) and dependent (DV) variables for the reported study.

IV = level of diet and exercise; DV = likelihood of becoming diabetic.

IV = level of diet and exercise; DV = rate of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths. (correct)

IV = rate of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths; DV = level of diet and exercise.

IV = level of diet and exercise; DV = blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

IV = blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels; DV = level of diet and exercise.

IV = likelihood of becoming diabetic; DV = level of diet and exercise.

Identify the control variables for the reported study.

Daily diet (# of calories per day).

Participants had Type 2 diabetes. (correct)

Participants were male.

Participants were overweight. (correct)

Level of exercise (minutes per day).

What was the result of the study?

Refuted the hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption made by the students regarding Brassica rapa seedlings?

This is an appropriate assumption because the health of the plant might impact leaf growth. Signup and view all the answers

Which student's statement about assumptions in lab reports do you agree with most?

I agree most with Alex's statement. Signup and view all the answers

When discussing assumptions in lab reports, what is the best action to take?

List the assumptions, state exactly how they may affect the results, and suggest what could be done to improve the experiment if it were to be repeated. Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the relationship between mass hung and the period in a spring-mass system?

No relationship can be determined as the students did not properly control all variables. Signup and view all the answers

What claim can be made about the relationship between mass hung and spring stretch?

A causal relationship exists between the mass hung and the amount of spring stretch because a change in mass caused a change in the amount of spring stretch. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary limitations to the study design investigating postmenopausal hormones on breast cancer risk?

a, b, and c Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate the strength of the claim: 'For every hour of television watched after age 25 it shortens the viewer's life expectancy by 21.8 minutes'.

Student 2 Signup and view all the answers

What represents possible dependent and independent variables for the investigation involving the percent survival of cell cultures?

DV = percent survival of cell cultures; IV = treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is correct about the moment of inertia of an ice skater as she spins?

The moment of inertia is larger when her arms are further from her axis of rotation. Signup and view all the answers

What represents possible dependent and independent variables for the investigation measuring plant growth?

DV = plant growth; IV = lighting conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which object will reach the bottom of the ramp first when released together from the same height?

Sphere (fastest), cylinder, hoop (slowest). Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible hypothesis for the investigation showing carbon dioxide levels?

The amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide is related to the year it was measured. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the lab notes, what statement is best about the moment of inertia I?

A causal relationship exists between the distribution of mass of an object and its moment of inertia (I). Signup and view all the answers

What's a possible hypothesis for the investigation depicted by the enzyme graph?

The amount of product created is related to the temperature of the reaction. Signup and view all the answers

How can the engine of a small airplane, specified to have a torque of 60 N m, be modeled in terms of moments of inertia?

The propeller can be modeled as a rod that rotates about its center. Signup and view all the answers

If the researcher selects container 5, what conditions should she choose for container 6 to test her hypothesis?

Myrtle leaf, orange light, 27°C Signup and view all the answers

Which claim would both students regarding the mass of water be likely to make?

Considering my experimental range of uncertainty, the mass of the water did not change during heating. Signup and view all the answers

What is the angular acceleration of a large cylindrical spool of light string with a radius of 0.3 m and mass of 25 kg when pulled with a force of 55 N?

14.7 rad/s² Signup and view all the answers

What claim can the student make after measuring the temperature before and after the chemical reaction?

I can't say for sure if the temperature changed or not because there is a range of uncertainty with each measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the value of the object's true mass?

The true value cannot be known. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes which daughter has more uncertainty in her measurements of the tomato plant height?

Elizabeth has more uncertainty associated with her measurements because her discrepancies with Tom's daily heights are the same or much more than Janice's. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion may be drawn about the price of apples, plums, and oranges using the data collected from grocery stores?

The cost of oranges and the cost of apples are similar in some grocery stores due to overlapping error bars shown, but plums cost less per pound. Signup and view all the answers

What claim can the student make about the mass of a solution after measuring it before and after a chemical reaction?

We can't know for sure whether or not the mass changed, but it seems reasonable to claim that the mass did not change, given that the ranges of uncertainty overlap. Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical model best describes the relationship between the temperature of a steel beam and its length?

L = αT + β Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curve most likely fits the data representing the relationship between the radius of a cylinder and its volume?

Power relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mathematical models best fits the time it takes to travel based on different speeds?

t = (100 miles) / s Signup and view all the answers

What claim can a group of students make regarding their measured distance and the theoretical value?

At the 95% confidence level, the range of uncertainty for the measured values includes the theoretical value so the results are consistent with the theory. Signup and view all the answers

If the stopwatch used to measure the period of a pendulum is running slow, what is the correct statement?

This will lead to underestimation of all of our time results. Signup and view all the answers

How should a student handle the systematic error of a photogate that consistently reads 5% higher?

Each measurement can be reduced by the same amount (5%) in the first step of the data analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct perimeter of the living room with length and width measured to be 5.5 m and 4.8 m respectively?

20.6 ± 0.4 m Signup and view all the answers

Using the high/low method, what is the best approximation of the uncertainty in the volume of a cylindrical gas bottle?

92 cm³ Signup and view all the answers

What is the best interpretation if the group's uncertainty was overestimated after 40 launches?

The uncertainty was overestimated. Signup and view all the answers

If another pattern appears showing measurement inconsistencies, what does this indicate?

There is a systematic error. Signup and view all the answers

What type of correlation exists regarding the number of months people own a treadmill and their hours spent exercising?

Negative correlation Signup and view all the answers

What correlation exists between SAT scores and family income?

A positive correlation exists. Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationship exists between the height of a table and the range of a ball projected from it?

A causal relationship exists. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Culture Experiment

HeLa, stem, kidney, and T cells were used to assess survival rates under three treatments.
HeLa cells: 79% (A), 25% (B), 54% (C); Survival rates vary significantly by treatment.
The independent variable: treatment; dependent variable: percent survival of cell cultures.

Plant Growth Experiment

Average growth of plants is measured under three different lighting conditions over 10 days.
Independent variable: lighting conditions; dependent variable: plant growth.

Carbon Dioxide Levels Measurement

CO2 levels measured annually at Mauna Loa Observatory indicate an increase over decades.
Hypothesis: The amount of atmospheric CO2 is related to the year it was measured.

Enzyme Experiment

Two enzymes compared for product production efficiency based on reaction temperature.
Hypothesis: The amount of product created is related to the temperature of the reaction.

CO2 Absorption in Plants

Research involved different plant parts in sealed containers to assess CO2 absorption.
Container 6 hypothesis: Myrtle leaf, orange light, at 27°C was selected for varied testing conditions.

Mass of Water During Heating

Two students measure the mass of water and discuss changes during heating with different uncertainties.
Claims reflect differing conclusions based on experimental range of uncertainty.

Chemical Reaction Temperature Measurement

Student evaluates temperature consistency before and after a reaction, factoring in measurement uncertainty.
Claim: Uncertain if temperature changed, but reasonable to suggest it remained constant due to overlapping uncertainties.

True Mass Value Interpretation

Best claim regarding the object's true mass is that more data is needed or true value cannot be precisely known due to measurement variations.

Measurement Uncertainty in Plant Growth

Comparison of height measurements from a student and her daughters indicates differing uncertainty.
Elizabeth shows more measurement uncertainty based on discrepancies compared to consistent measurements from Tom.

Fruit Price Comparison

Average prices collected from various stores for apples, plums, and oranges show a cost similarity affected by overlapping error bars.
Conclusion: Prices of oranges and apples are similar, but plums are less expensive.

Measurement Consistency Post-Chemical Reaction

Student's consistent measurements of a solution's mass suggest no change, backed by overlapping uncertainty ranges.

Mathematical Model for Relationships

Best-fit mathematical model for steel beam length in relation to temperature is linear (L = αT + β).
A power relationship likely describes the correlation between a cylinder's radius and its volume.

Projectile Motion and Relationships

Causal relationship exists between the height of a table and range if horizontal velocity and gravity are held constant.

Diabetes Study Hypothesis

The study hypothesizes that diet and exercise impact cardiovascular risk factors in diabetics.

Independent and Dependent Variables in Diabetes Study

Independent variable: level of diet and exercise; dependent variable: rate of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths.

Control Variables in Diabetes Study

Control factors include daily diet (# of calories per day), level of exercise (minutes per day), participant details (Type 2 diabetes, overweight, and male).### Study Notes
Experimental Results and Hypothesis: Study results refuted the initial hypothesis regarding an impact on a factor being tested.
Benefits of Coffee Grounds for Plants: Coffee grounds enhance plant growth by releasing nitrogen, magnesium, zinc, and amino acids, important for energy use and protein synthesis. They also improves soil structure and aids in moisture retention.
Hypothesis on Brassica Rapa Growth: Students assumed that the health of Brassica rapa seedlings was consistent across all planted pots, which is appropriate as plant health influences leaf growth.
Mold Growth Experiment on Bread: Students investigated the effect of preservatives and temperature on mold growth in bread. Assumptions included that the bread loaves were identical and that measuring methods used for mold growth were accurate.
Assumptions in Lab Reports: It is vital to list assumptions in lab reports and discuss their potential impact on results and improvements for future experiments.
Oscillating Spring-Mass System: Students found that variations in mass hung on different springs did not establish a clear relationship due to uncontrolled variables in their experiment.
Hooke's Law and Spring Stretch: There is a causal relationship between the mass hung on a spring and its stretch, as per Hooke's Law, establishing a connection between applied force and displacement.
Breast Cancer Study Limitations: Factors influencing study outcomes include discrepancies in mammogram frequency among hormone replacement therapy users, other known risk factors such as smoking, and the overall sample size.
Claim from TV Viewing Study: Skepticism surrounds the claim linking television viewing time after age 25 to diminished life expectancy; concerns include self-reporting biases and participant representativity.
Moment of Inertia in Skating: The moment of inertia increases with arms extended away from the rotation axis, demonstrating principles of rotational dynamics.
Rolling Objects Race Prediction: Among a solid sphere, a hoop, and a cylinder, the sphere will reach the bottom of a ramp first, followed by the cylinder and then the hoop, due to differing moments of inertia.
Causal Relationship in Moment of Inertia: A clear causal relationship exists between the mass distribution of an object and its moment of inertia.
Modeling Torque in Plane Propeller: The propeller of a small airplane can be modeled as a rod rotating about its center when analyzing torque and inertia.
Angular Acceleration of a Spooling String: Given the force and dimensions of a rotating cylindrical spool, the calculated angular acceleration is 14.7 rad/s².

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Description

Explore the effects of different treatments on various cell types in a controlled laboratory setting. This quiz tests knowledge on cell culture survival rates and related concepts. Ideal for students studying biology or physics in lab contexts.