Physics Kinetic Energy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the work done by the construction worker (Wcw) and the change in gravitational potential energy (Eg) of the hammer?

  • Wcw is less than Eg
  • Wcw is equal to Eg (correct)
  • Wcw is greater than Eg
  • There is no relationship between Wcw and Eg

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy (Eg) of an object of mass m lifted to a height h above a reference level?

  • Eg = Fd
  • Eg = mgh/2
  • Eg = 1/2mv^2
  • Eg = mgh (correct)

What is the SI unit for gravitational potential energy?

  • Watt (W)
  • Joule (J) (correct)
  • Kilogram (kg)
  • Newton (N)

What is the work done by gravity (Wg) on the hammer as it is lifted?

<p>Wg = -mgh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the construction worker lifts the hammer at a constant speed, what is the relationship between the initial velocity (vi) and final velocity (vf) of the hammer?

<p>vi = vf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the scenario, what does the term 'reference level' refer to?

<p>The ground level or a chosen point used to measure potential energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object a scalar quantity?

<p>Because it only has magnitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the drop tower amusement park ride mentioned in the text?

<p>To illustrate the concept of gravitational potential energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the gravitational potential energy of an object as it falls from a higher position to a reference level?

<p>It decreases to negative values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to calculate gravitational potential energy near Earth's surface?

<p>E_g = mgh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the value of gravitational acceleration (g) vary as you move away from Earth's surface?

<p>It decreases as altitude increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the reference level is set to 0 J, what kind of gravitational potential energy will an object at a height above this level have?

<p>Positive gravitational potential energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what height above Earth's surface is gravitational acceleration approximately 8.5 m/s²?

<p>400 km (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the hammer (denoted as Fg) if it has a mass of m?

<p>Fg = mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a hammer is raised before dropping it, which height is considered for the gravitational potential energy calculation?

<p>The height of the hammer from the reference level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it imply if an object is below the reference level in terms of gravitational potential energy?

<p>The object has negative gravitational potential energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy called?

<p>Mechanical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy does a stationary object at ground level possess?

<p>No energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much mechanical energy does a hockey puck have if it possesses 10 J of kinetic energy and no gravitational potential energy?

<p>10 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An acorn hanging on a tree branch has which type of energy?

<p>Gravitational potential energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mechanical energy when an object descends from a height?

<p>It remains constant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents kinetic energy?

<p>E_k = 1/2mv^2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a parachutist has 5 kJ of kinetic energy and 250 kJ of gravitational potential energy, what is their total mechanical energy?

<p>255 kJ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does kinetic energy depend on?

<p>Mass and speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula represents the relationship between net work and kinetic energy?

<p>Wnet = DEk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating gravitational potential energy?

<p>Eg = mgh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person's gravitational potential energy at position B is 4500 J, how can their height be determined?

<p>h = Eg / mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total mechanical energy of an object?

<p>The sum of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final kinetic energy of a 0.160 kg hockey puck that reaches a speed of 22 m/s?

<p>286.4 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gravitational potential energy of a mass at ground level?

<p>Always zero (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much gravitational potential energy is stored in a wall made of forty 2.0 kg blocks that are 20.0 cm thick?

<p>400 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a person loses 4900 J of gravitational potential energy moving from position A to position C, what can be inferred about their height change?

<p>They lost height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the energy possessed by moving objects?

<p>Kinetic energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the ability to do work?

<p>Energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the speed of a moving object and its kinetic energy?

<p>The kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of the speed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a moving hammer have kinetic energy?

<p>Because it has the ability to apply a force and displace another object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about kinetic energy?

<p>Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the object's mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek word origin of the term “kinetic energy”?

<p>Kinema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the kinetic energy of a moving object and its ability to do work?

<p>They are directly proportional. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the kinetic energy of a motorcycle change when the rider twists the throttle?

<p>It increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the kinetic energy of a 0.5 kg object moving at 10 m/s?

<p>25 J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the speed of an object is doubled, what happens to its kinetic energy?

<p>It is quadrupled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about kinetic energy?

<p>Kinetic energy is always positive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following units is NOT equivalent to a Joule (J)?

<p>kg * m/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 100g ball traveling at 20 m/s has a kinetic energy of:

<p>20 J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mass of an object is tripled, what happens to its kinetic energy, assuming the speed remains constant?

<p>It is tripled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car has a kinetic energy of 1000 J while travelling at 20 m/s. What is the mass of the car?

<p>25 kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would result in the greatest increase in kinetic energy for a given object?

<p>Doubling the velocity of the object. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Energy

The ability of an object to do work.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by moving objects.

Kinetic Energy and Speed

The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy.

Work and Displacement

A force applied to an object causes displacement.

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Work and Displacement Relationship

The amount of work done is directly proportional to the displacement.

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Moving Objects and Energy

The energy possessed by an object is called kinetic energy.

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Force in the context of work

The force required to cause a displacement.

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Kinetic Energy and Work

Objects with kinetic energy can do work on other objects.

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What is kinetic energy?

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

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Is kinetic energy a scalar or vector quantity?

Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude (a size) and not direction.

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What are the units of kinetic energy?

The unit of kinetic energy is the joule (J), which is the same unit as work.

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What is the formula for kinetic energy?

The equation for kinetic energy is Ek = (1/2)mv^2, where Ek is kinetic energy, m is mass, and v is velocity.

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How does speed affect kinetic energy?

The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy.

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How can kinetic energy be used to do work?

A moving object with kinetic energy can perform work on another object or system. For example, a moving hammer can drive a nail into wood.

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Can kinetic energy be converted into other forms of energy?

The kinetic energy of an object can be transformed into other forms of energy, such as potential energy or heat energy. For example, a moving ball can be slowed down by friction, converting its kinetic energy into heat.

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Why is kinetic energy important?

Kinetic energy is a fundamental concept in physics, playing a crucial role in understanding motion, collisions, and energy transformations.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to a reference level.

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Change in Gravitational Potential Energy

The work done against gravity to lift an object to a certain height.

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Gravitational Potential Energy Equation

The product of an object's mass, gravitational acceleration, and height above a reference level.

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Joule (J)

The SI unit for gravitational potential energy, equivalent to the unit for kinetic energy and work.

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Work (W)

The amount of energy transferred when a force causes an object to move over a distance.

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Displacement (d)

The displacement of an object in the direction of the force.

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Work and Displacement Relation

The force applied to an object and the displacement of the object.

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Conservation of Energy

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.

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Height (h)

The height of an object above a reference level, usually measured vertically from the reference level.

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Reference Level

A designated level in space used as a reference for measuring potential energy. Objects at this level have 0 Joules of potential energy.

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Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

The energy stored in an object due to its position relative to a reference level. It's the energy an object has due to its height.

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Gravitational Force (Fg)

The force exerted on an object due to gravity. Its value is approximately 9.8 N/kg near Earth's surface.

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GPE Formula

The formula for calculating the gravitational potential energy of an object: Eg = mgh, where Eg is the gravitational potential energy, m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.

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Work

The ability of an object to do work on another object. This means it can cause a change in the energy of another object.

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Displacement

A force that causes a change in an object's position. If the object moves, then work is done.

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GPE and Work

Objects with higher gravitational potential energy have the ability to do more work on other objects when they fall. This means they can transfer their energy to other objects.

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Mechanical Energy

The total energy an object possesses due to its motion and position.

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Total Mechanical Energy

The sum of an object's kinetic and gravitational potential energy.

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What is energy?

A measure of the ability to do work, often expressed in joules (J).

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Work-Energy Theorem

The net work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy.

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Power

The rate at which work is done is called power.

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What is work in physics?

The force needed to move an object over a certain distance.

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Study Notes

Kinetic Energy

  • Kinetic energy (Ek) is the energy possessed by moving objects.
  • A moving object can apply a force to another object and displace it.
  • The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
  • Kinetic energy is directly related to the object's mass and the square of its velocity (Ek = ½mv²).

Quantifying Kinetic Energy

  • Kinetic energy is energy possessed by moving objects.
  • Examples include a moving motorcycle, hammer, or a car.
  • The total work done on an object (Wnet) is equal to the change in its kinetic energy (ΔEk).
  • Wnet = ΔEk = (½mvf²) − (½mvi²) where vf is the final velocity and vi is the initial velocity.
  • The net force (Fnet) and displacement (Δd) are also related to work through: Wnet = Fnet cos θΔd.
  • where θ is the angle between the force and displacement vectors.

Gravitational Potential Energy

  • Gravitational potential energy (Eg) is the energy an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference level (commonly the ground).
  • The higher the object is positioned, the greater its gravitational potential energy.
  • Eg = mgh, where:
    • m is the mass of the object (in kg)
    • g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²)
    • h is the height of the object above the reference level (in m).

Mechanical Energy

  • Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of an object.
  • Mechanical energy remains constant in the absence of resistive forces (friction).
  • The total mechanical energy of an object (Em) is given by: Em = Ek + Eg .

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