Physics: Energy Types

Energy

Kinetic Energy

• The energy of motion
• Depends on an object's mass and velocity
• Formula: KE = (1/2) * m * v^2
• Measured in Joules (J)

Potential Energy

• Stored energy due to an object's position or configuration
• Types:
  • Gravitational potential energy (dependent on height or mass)
  • Elastic potential energy (stored in stretched or compressed materials)
  • Electrical potential energy (stored in a charged particle)
• Formula: PE = m * g * h (for gravitational potential energy)

Conservation of Energy

• The total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time
• Energy can be converted from one form to another, but not created or destroyed
• Applies to all types of energy, including kinetic, potential, thermal, and more

Thermal Energy

• The energy of an object's internal motion (vibrations, rotations, and translations)
• Measured in Joules (J)
• Increases with temperature
• Can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation

Energy Transfer

• The movement of energy from one location to another
• Methods:
  • Conduction (direct contact between particles)
  • Convection (movement of fluids)
  • Radiation (electromagnetic waves)
• Energy can be transferred without being transformed

Energy Transformation

• The conversion of energy from one form to another
• Examples:
  • Mechanical energy to thermal energy (friction)
  • Electrical energy to light energy (light bulb)
  • Chemical energy to kinetic energy (explosion)
• Energy transformations often involve a change in energy form, but not total energy amount

Energy

Kinetic Energy

• The energy of an object's motion, dependent on its mass and velocity
• Formula: KE = (1/2) × m × v^2, where m is mass and v is velocity
• Measured in Joules (J), a unit of energy

Potential Energy

• Stored energy due to an object's position or configuration
• Types of potential energy:
  • Gravitational potential energy, dependent on height and mass
  • Elastic potential energy, stored in stretched or compressed materials
  • Electrical potential energy, stored in a charged particle
• Formula for gravitational potential energy: PE = m × g × h, where g is acceleration due to gravity and h is height

Conservation of Energy

• The total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time
• Energy can be converted from one form to another, but not created or destroyed
• Applies to all types of energy, including kinetic, potential, thermal, electrical, and more

Thermal Energy

• The energy of an object's internal motion, including vibrations, rotations, and translations
• Measured in Joules (J), a unit of energy
• Increases with temperature
• Can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation

Energy Transfer

• The movement of energy from one location to another
• Methods of energy transfer:
  • Conduction, direct contact between particles
  • Convection, movement of fluids
  • Radiation, electromagnetic waves
• Energy can be transferred without being transformed

Energy Transformation

• The conversion of energy from one form to another
• Examples of energy transformations:
  • Mechanical energy to thermal energy, through friction
  • Electrical energy to light energy, through a light bulb
  • Chemical energy to kinetic energy, through an explosion
• Energy transformations often involve a change in energy form, but not total energy amount