Physics I - Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of physics?

  • To study historical scientific methods
  • To develop advanced technologies
  • To find a limited number of fundamental laws (correct)
  • To create mathematical theories without experiments

    • Which of the following is classified as an extensive physical property?

  • Hardness
  • Boiling point
  • Density
  • Mass (correct)

    • Which area is NOT one of the six major divisions of physics?

  • Optics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Sociology (correct)
  • Thermodynamics

    • Which physical property is considered intensive?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does mathematics play in physics?

    <p>It serves as a tool to express laws and theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an intensive physical property?

    <p>Independent of the amount of substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of classical mechanics?

    <p>Explains the motion of everyday objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a physical state of matter?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for mass?

    <p>kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fundamental quantity is NOT used in mechanics?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dimension of the spring constant K based on Hooke’s law?

    <p>M·T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dimensional analysis process, what must be true about the dimensions of both sides of an equation?

    <p>They must be the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined in terms of the oscillation of radiation from a cesium atom?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix corresponds to $10^{-6}$ in the SI system?

    <p>micro-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the derived exponents n and m when analyzing the expression x ∝ at^m?

    <p>n = 1, m = 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the dimensions of acceleration represent in terms of base dimensions?

    <p>L/T²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Length in the SI system is defined as the distance traveled by light in what?

    <p>a vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates the relationship between force and mass according to Newton’s second law?

    <p>F = ma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What SI unit is used to measure electric current?

    <p>ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of quantities can all other quantities in mechanics be expressed in terms of?

    <p>Length, Mass and Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If F = ma is used in combination with Hooke’s law, how does the spring constant K relate to force and displacement?

    <p>K = F/x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol ∝ signify in the equation x ∝ at^m?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a fundamental SI quantity?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the exponents of L and T be the same on both sides of the equation during dimensional analysis?

    <p>To ensure the equation is dimensionally homogeneous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in adding vectors graphically?

    <p>Draw the first vector with the appropriate length and direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should subsequent vectors be drawn when adding them graphically?

    <p>From the tip of the previous vector to the next direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When multiple vectors are added graphically, what approach is used?

    <p>Repeat the tip-to-tail process for each vector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Commutative Law of Addition, what can be said about the sum of vectors?

    <p>The sum remains the same regardless of the order of vectors added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is done to convert the length of vectors to their actual magnitudes?

    <p>Apply a scale factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing the resultant vector in vector addition?

    <p>To represent the total effect of all vectors added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When constructing a coordinate system for drawing vectors, which statement is correct?

    <p>It must be consistent for all vectors during addition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vector addition, what remains unchanged when multiple vectors are added graphically?

    <p>The initial point of the first vector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dimension of the gravitational constant G as derived from the force equation?

    <p>M$L$T$^{-2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conversion factor accurately converts 1 mile to meters?

    <p>1 mile = 1.609 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can units be treated in calculations according to dimensional analysis?

    <p>As algebraic quantities that can cancel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion of 1 inch to centimeters?

    <p>1 in = 2.54 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the distance r in the context of the gravitational force equation?

    <p>It is the distance between the two masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the units of force F in the gravitational force equation?

    <p>Mass times acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dimensional formula for force F in the context of gravitation?

    <p>M$L$T$^{-2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the correct method to convert 15.0 inches to centimeters?

    <p>Multiply by 2.54</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the complete vector A expressed?

    <p>A = Ax ˆi + Ay ˆj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position vector for a point with coordinates (x, y)?

    <p>r̂ = x ˆi + y ˆj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the resultant vector R = A + B, what does the component Rx represent?

    <p>Ax + Bx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the process of adding vectors using unit vectors?

    <p>R = (Ax + Bx) ˆi + (Ay + By) ˆj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to find the magnitude of the resultant vector R in three dimensions?

    <p>R = √(Rx² + Ry² + Rz²)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which expression is used to determine the angle θ in the context of vector R?

    <p>θ = tan⁻¹(Ry/Rx)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In three-dimensional vector addition, which of the following correctly represents R?

    <p>R = (Ax + Bx) ˆi + (Ay + By) ˆj + (Az + Bz) ˆk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the components Rx, Ry, and Rz be defined in the context of vectors A and B?

    <p>Rx = Ax + Bx, Ry = Ay + By, Rz = Az + Bz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physics I - Introduction

    • Physics is a fundamental science based on experimental observations and quantitative measurements.
    • Objectives of physics include:
      • Identifying fundamental laws governing natural phenomena.
      • Developing theories to predict experimental results.
      • Expressing laws using mathematical language.
      • Mathematics bridges theory and experiment.

    Physics Major Areas

    • Classical Mechanics
    • Relativity
    • Thermodynamics
    • Electromagnetism
    • Optics
    • Quantum Mechanics

    Physical Properties

    • Physical properties describe a substance without changing its identity or composition.
    • Examples include:
      • Color
      • Size
      • Physical state (solid, liquid, gas)
      • Boiling point
      • Melting point
      • Density

    Physical Property Classification

    • Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter (mass, volume, length).
    • Intensive properties depend on the type of matter, not the amount (hardness, density, boiling point).
      • Examples:
        • Temperature
        • Boiling point
        • Concentration
        • Luster

    Fundamental Quantities and SI Units

    • Fundamental quantities in mechanics are length, mass, and time.
      • Length: measured in meters (m)
      • Mass: measured in kilograms (kg)
      • Time: measured in seconds (s)
    • Other quantities can be expressed in terms of these three.
    • SI: Système International

    Prefixes

    • Prefixes represent powers of 10.
    • They modify basic units (e.g., milli-, centi-, kilo-).
    • Example: 1 mm = 10⁻³ m, 1 mg = 10⁻³ g

    Dimensional Analysis

    • A technique to check equation correctness.
    • Dimensions (length, mass, time) are treated algebraically (add, subtract, multiply, divide).
    • Both sides of an equation must have the same dimensions.

    Vector Notation

    • Vectors are represented with bold letters with an arrow (e.g., ) or bold letters (e.g., ).
    • Italic letters (e.g., A) denote magnitude.
    • Vector magnitude is always positive.
    • Vectors have both magnitude and direction.
    • Scalars are specified by a single value with appropriate units and have no direction

    Vector Properties - Equality

    • Two vectors have the same magnitude and direction
    • A = B ⇔ |A| = |B| and A // B

    Vector Properties - Addition

    • Vector addition is different than scalar addition.
    • Vector directions are important.
    • Vectors must be the same type.
    • Graphical method is commonly used for addition.

    Vector Properties - Subtraction

    • Vector subtraction uses the negative of a vector and then follows the addition rules. Example: A-B = A+(-B)

    Vector Properties - Multiplication/Division by a Scalar

    • Multiplying or dividing a vector by a scalar results in another vector.
    • The magnitude of the vector is changed by the scalar.
    • If scalar is positive, the direction remains the same.
    • If scalar is negative, the direction changes.

    Components of a Vector

    • Components are projections of a vector along coordinate axes (x- and y- axes).
    • Rectangular components are useful for finding magnitude and direction

    Unit Vectors

    • Dimensionless vectors with magnitude 1 used to specify a direction.
    • Usually denoted as i, j, k, etc.
    • Used in coordinate systems (x, y, z) to specify the vector.
    • A = Axi + Ayj + Azk

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    Physics 111 NMU Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Physics I, introducing essential laws and areas of study such as mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. It also explores the properties of substances, distinguishing between extensive and intensive properties. Test your understanding of these foundational topics in physics.

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