Physics Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for average speed?

Distance / Time

What is the formula for acceleration?

(Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time

What is the formula for weight?

Mass x Gravitational field strength

What is the formula for force?

<p>Mass x Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Hooke's Law?

<p>Force = Constant x Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for pressure?

<p>Force / Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for fluid pressure?

<p>Density x Gravitational Field Strength x Height</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for work done?

<p>Force x Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

<p>1/2 x Mass x Velocity²</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

<p>Mass x Gravitational Field Strength x Height</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for efficiency?

<p>(Useful Power Output / Total Power Input) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for momentum?

<p>Mass x Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for impulse?

<p>Change in momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for centripetal force?

<p>(Mass x Velocity²) / Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for orbital period?

<p>2Ï€ x Radius / Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for thermal capacity?

<p>Mass x Specific Heat Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for energy transferred?

<p>Mass x Specific Latent Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for expansion?

<p>Linear Expansivity x Original Length x Temperature Rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for voltage (alternative)?

<p>Current x Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for power (alternative)?

<p>Current² x Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for energy transferred (alternative)?

<p>Power x Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for total resistance in series?

<p>Sum of individual resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for total resistance in parallel?

<p>1 / (1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for resistance?

<p>Resistivity x Length / Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for voltage in a transformer?

<p>Voltage in secondary coil / Voltage in primary coil = Number of turns in secondary coil / Number of turns in primary coil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for refractive index?

<p>Sine of angle of incidence / Sine of angle of refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for refractive index (alternative)?

<p>Speed of light in vacuum / Speed of light in material</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for energy in nuclear reactions?

<p>Mass Defect x Speed of Light²</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Average Speed

The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken.

Average Velocity

The overall change in position divided by the total time taken. Includes direction.

Period of a Pendulum

The time taken for one complete swing or cycle of a pendulum.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity. It tells you how much the velocity changes per second.

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Weight

The force experienced by an object due to gravity. It depends on the object's mass and the gravitational field strength.

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Force

The force required to accelerate an object. It's directly proportional to the object's mass and acceleration.

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Density

The mass of an object per unit volume. It tells you how tightly packed the matter is.

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Hooke's Law

A law stating that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its extension. The more you stretch it, the harder it pulls back.

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Pressure

The force acting perpendicularly on a surface per unit area. It describes how much force is distributed over a given space.

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Fluid Pressure

The pressure at a point in a fluid depends on the fluid's density, the gravitational field strength, and the depth.

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Work

The amount of work done when a force causes an object to move a certain distance. It tells you how much energy is transferred.

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Power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It measures the amount of energy transferred per unit of time.

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Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It depends on the object's mass and velocity.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field. It depends on the object's mass, the gravitational field strength, and its height.

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Efficiency

The ratio of useful power output to total power input, expressed as a percentage. It tells you how efficient a device is at converting energy.

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Moment

The turning effect of a force about a pivot. It depends on the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot.

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Momentum

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. It's the product of an object's mass and velocity.

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Force

The rate of change of momentum. It's the force required to change an object's momentum over a certain time.

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Impulse

The change in momentum of an object. It's equal to the product of the force applied and the time for which it acts.

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Centripetal Force

The force that keeps an object moving in a circular path. It's always directed towards the center of the circle.

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Orbital Period

The time taken for one complete orbit of an object around a central body. It depends on the radius of the orbit and the velocity of the object.

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Boyle's Law

A law describing the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature. The product of pressure and volume remains constant.

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Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C. It tells you how much energy is needed to heat up a material.

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Specific Latent Heat

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without changing its temperature. For example, melting ice or boiling water.

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Thermal Capacity

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 °C. It's related to the object's mass and specific heat capacity.

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Linear Expansivity

The increase in length of a material for every 1 °C rise in temperature. It's a measure of how much a material expands when heated.

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Current

The flow of electric charge. It's measured in Amperes (A).

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Voltage

The energy transferred per unit charge. It's measured in Volts (V).

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Resistance

The opposition to the flow of current. It's measured in Ohms (Ω).

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Power

The rate at which energy is transferred in an electrical circuit. It's measured in Watts (W).

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Energy Transferred

The total energy transferred in an electrical circuit. It's measured in Joules (J).

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Total Resistance in Series

The total resistance of a circuit when resistors are connected in series. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

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Total Resistance in Parallel

The total resistance of a circuit when resistors are connected in parallel. The reciprocal of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.

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Resistivity

A property of a material that determines its resistance. It tells you how easily the material conducts electricity.

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Transformer

A device that transfers electrical energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction. It can increase or decrease the voltage.

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Wave Speed

The speed at which a wave travels. It's the product of the wave's frequency and wavelength.

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Frequency

The number of waves passing a point in one second. It's measured in Hertz (Hz).

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Refractive Index

The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction. It tells you how much a wave bends as it passes from one medium to another.

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Refractive Index

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material. It's another way to define the refractive index.

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Critical Angle

The angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90°. It's the maximum angle at which light can be refracted.

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Study Notes

General

  • Average speed: Distance divided by time.
  • Average velocity: Displacement divided by time .
  • Period of a pendulum: Total time divided by the number of swings.
  • Acceleration: Change in velocity over time.
  • Weight: Mass multiplied by gravitational field strength.
  • Force: Mass multiplied by acceleration.
  • Density: Mass divided by volume.
  • Hooke's Law: Force equals the spring constant multiplied by extension.
  • Fluid Pressure: Density multiplied by gravitational field strength and height.
  • Work: Force multiplied by distance moved.
  • Power: Work done divided by time.
  • Kinetic Energy: Half of mass multiplied by velocity squared.
  • Gravitational potential energy: Mass multiplied by gravitational field strength and height.
  • Efficiency: (Useful power output / Total power input) * 100%.
  • Moment: Force multiplied by perpendicular distance from pivot.
  • Momentum: Mass multiplied by velocity.
  • Impulse: Change in momentum.
  • Centripetal Force: Mass multiplied by velocity squared divided by radius.
  • Orbital Period: 2Ï€ multiplied by radius divided by velocity.

Thermal

  • Boyle's Law (Constant Temperature): Pressure multiplied by volume is constant.
  • Energy (Change in Temperature): Mass multiplied by specific heat capacity and temperature change.
  • Thermal Capacity: Mass multiplied by specific heat capacity.
  • Energy (Change in State): Mass multiplied by specific latent heat.
  • Linear Expansion: Linear expansivity multiplied by original length and temperature change.

Electricity

  • Current: Charge divided by time.
  • Voltage: Energy transferred divided by charge.
  • Voltage (Ohm's Law): Current multiplied by resistance.
  • Power (Electricity): Current multiplied by voltage or current squared multiplied by resistance.
  • Energy Transferred (Electricity): Current multiplied by voltage and time or power multiplied by time.
  • Resistors in series: Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.
  • Resistors in parallel: Reciprocal of total resistance is the sum of reciprocals of individual resistances.
  • Resistance: Resistivity multiplied by length divided by area.
  • Transformers (voltage): Voltage in secondary coil / turns on secondary coil = Voltage in primary coil / turns on primary coil.
  • Transformers (current): Voltage in primary coil / voltage in secondary coil = current in secondary coil / current in primary coil.

Waves

  • Wave Speed: Frequency multiplied by wavelength.
  • Frequency: 1/Period
  • Refractive Index: Sine of angle of incidence divided by sine of angle of refraction.

Nuclear

  • Radioactive decay formulas (alpha, beta, gamma).
  • Energy: Mass defect multiplied by speed of light squared.

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IGCSE CIE Physics 0625 (2020) Formula List - PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of fundamental physics concepts such as speed, velocity, force, and energy. This quiz covers key principles including Hooke's Law, momentum, and efficiency. Perfect for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of basic physics calculations.

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