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Questions and Answers
What is the unit of power in the formula P = F × t?
What is the unit of power in the formula P = F × t?
What is the difference between displacement and distance?
What is the difference between displacement and distance?
Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
What is the unit of the force in the formula P = F × t?
What is the unit of the force in the formula P = F × t?
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Why does accelerating a 1500-kg vehicle over 1/4 mi in 7 s require more power than doing so in 5 min?
Why does accelerating a 1500-kg vehicle over 1/4 mi in 7 s require more power than doing so in 5 min?
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What is the main difference between velocity and speed?
What is the main difference between velocity and speed?
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What is the characteristic of air flow in a low-bypass engine?
What is the characteristic of air flow in a low-bypass engine?
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What is the purpose of mixing the hot and cold gas streams in a mixed exhaust engine?
What is the purpose of mixing the hot and cold gas streams in a mixed exhaust engine?
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What is the fan ratio of a high-bypass engine?
What is the fan ratio of a high-bypass engine?
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What is the characteristic of a non-mixed exhaust engine?
What is the characteristic of a non-mixed exhaust engine?
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What is the purpose of the 'cold gas stream' in a low-bypass engine?
What is the purpose of the 'cold gas stream' in a low-bypass engine?
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What is the design requirement for a high-bypass engine?
What is the design requirement for a high-bypass engine?
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What is the primary mechanism used by a turbojet engine to produce thrust?
What is the primary mechanism used by a turbojet engine to produce thrust?
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At what speed range is the turbojet or turbofan engine most widely used?
At what speed range is the turbojet or turbofan engine most widely used?
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What is the main advantage of the turbofan engine over the turbojet engine?
What is the main advantage of the turbofan engine over the turbojet engine?
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What is the purpose of the turbine wheels in a turbojet engine?
What is the purpose of the turbine wheels in a turbojet engine?
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What is the primary difference between a turbojet engine and a turbofan engine?
What is the primary difference between a turbojet engine and a turbofan engine?
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What is the main reason why the turbojet engine has been largely replaced by the turbofan engine?
What is the main reason why the turbojet engine has been largely replaced by the turbofan engine?
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What percentage of airflow accelerated by the fan rotor blades is ducted past the core engine?
What percentage of airflow accelerated by the fan rotor blades is ducted past the core engine?
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What is the purpose of the duct in a ducted fan engine?
What is the purpose of the duct in a ducted fan engine?
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Why do high-bypass engines and ducted fan engines produce more fan thrust than low-bypass engines?
Why do high-bypass engines and ducted fan engines produce more fan thrust than low-bypass engines?
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What is the purpose of the engine station system in maintenance manuals?
What is the purpose of the engine station system in maintenance manuals?
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What determines the number of designated engine stations in an engine?
What determines the number of designated engine stations in an engine?
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What is the name of the engine design where the fan is arranged behind the turbine and powered by a shaft from the turbine?
What is the name of the engine design where the fan is arranged behind the turbine and powered by a shaft from the turbine?
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What is the primary concern of gas turbine engines?
What is the primary concern of gas turbine engines?
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What is the formula to calculate force in gas turbine engines?
What is the formula to calculate force in gas turbine engines?
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What is the unit of measurement for force in gas turbine engines?
What is the unit of measurement for force in gas turbine engines?
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What is the definition of force in physics?
What is the definition of force in physics?
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What is the pressure measurement across the opening of a jet tailpipe in the worked example?
What is the pressure measurement across the opening of a jet tailpipe in the worked example?
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What is the primary application of the physics principles in gas turbine engines?
What is the primary application of the physics principles in gas turbine engines?
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Study Notes
Physics Fundamentals
- Physics principles govern the action of mass or matter in jet propulsion.
- Understanding the relationships between gases and turbo-machinery is crucial for gas turbine engines.
Force and Thrust
- Force is the capacity to do work or the tendency to produce work, and is a vector quantity.
- Force can be measured in pounds.
- Thrust is the force produced by a gas turbine engine, rated in pounds of thrust.
- Formula for force: F = P × A, where F is force, P is pressure, and A is area.
Work and Power
- Power is measured in horsepower or kilowatts in reciprocating engines, but gas turbine engines are concerned with thrust.
- Thrust is often rated in combination with shaft horsepower in turboprop applications.
Displacement and Distance
- Displacement and distance are often used interchangeably, but have distinct definitions.
- Distance is a scalar quantity, measuring how far an object has traveled.
- Displacement is a vector quantity, measuring how far an object is from its origin.
Velocity and Speed
- Velocity is a vector quantity, having both speed and direction.
- Speed is a scalar quantity, without direction.
Bypass Ratios
- Low-bypass engines have a fan-to-compressor airflow ratio of approximately 1:1.
- Medium-bypass engines have a ratio of 2:1 or 3:1.
- High-bypass engines have a ratio of 4:1 to < 9:1.
- Ultra-high-bypass engines have a ratio of > 9:1.
Turbojet and Turbofan Engines
- Turbojet engines use the acceleration of airflow throughout the engine to produce thrust.
- Turbojet engines are well suited for high-speed, high-altitude operations.
- Turbofan engines are newer and more popular, with higher propulsive power at higher subsonic cruising speeds.
Engine Stations
- Engine stations are numbered locations along the axis line of the engine, following the gas path.
- Stations refer to specific locations such as the compressor inlet, compressor outlet, and turbine inlet and outlet.
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Description
Understanding the physical relationships between gases and turbo-machinery in a gas turbine engine, focusing on atmospheric air compression and acceleration.
