Physics Flashcards on Basic Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is science?

  • The collective findings of humans about nature (correct)
  • A set of mathematical equations
  • An explanation for phenomena
  • A method for organizing knowledge

    • What is the scientific method?

    An orderly method for gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.

    Define scientific attitude.

    The scientific method inclined toward inquiry, integrity, and humility.

    What is physics?

    <p>The most basic of all sciences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a qualitative description?

    <p>A description based on some characteristic quality that does not involve a quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a quantitative description?

    <p>A description based on some measured quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of the scientific method?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a great circle?

    <p>A circle that has the center of the earth as its center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inches, feet, yard, miles, centimeters, meter, and kilometers are all units of ___?

    <p>length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second (s), minutes, days, years are units of ___?

    <p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kg, pounds are units of ___?

    <p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newtons are units of ___?

    <p>force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is natural motion?

    <p>Motion that doesn't require an assist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is violent motion?

    <p>Motion that requires an assist, such as a push or pull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones due to air pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inertia?

    <p>The property of an object to resist changes in motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Newton's First Law of Motion state?

    <p>Every object continues in a state of rest or uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a net external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give examples of Newton's First Law.

    <p>A car braking at a stoplight, a skier accelerating in a straight line down a mountain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if an object has more inertia?

    <p>It will be more difficult to change in motion than an object with less.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scalar quantity?

    <p>A quantity that is fully described by specifying its number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector quantity?

    <p>A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vectors represented?

    <p>By arrows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Newtons does one pound of force equal?

    <p>4.49 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Physics Primer?

    <p>A set of mathematics topics that are relevant to introductory physics courses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A scientific hypothesis deemed valid must have a test for proving it ___?

    <p>wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fact in science is ___?

    <p>an agreement between trained investigators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A theory in science is ___?

    <p>a synthesis of well-tested ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the test for whether a hypothesis is scientific or not?

    <p>A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pseudoscience?

    <p>Claims that are presented as scientific but do not meet scientific standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Must people choose between science and religion?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clearly distinguish between science and technology.

    <p>Science gathers the knowledge that technology uses for practical purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the most basic science?

    <p>Physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of path does a moving object follow in the absence of a force?

    <p>It continues to move in a straight line at a constant speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force on a cart that is pulled to the right with 100 pounds of force and to the left with 30 pounds of force?

    <p>70 to the right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resultant of a pair of 1-N forces at right angles to each other?

    <p>1.41 newtons in a direction bisecting the angle between the two vectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resultant of a 35-N horizontal force and a 30-N vertical force?

    <p>46.10 N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force when a pair of 5-N forces simultaneously act in the same direction on an object?

    <p>10 N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 12-N book is at rest on a flat table. How many Newtons of support force does the table provide?

    <p>12 newtons up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lucy Lightfoot stands with one foot on one bathroom scale and her other foot on a second bathroom scale. Each scale reads 370 N. What is Lucy's weight?

    <p>740 N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Henry Heavyweight weighs 990 N and stands on a pair of bathroom scales so that the first scale reads twice as much as the second one. What are the scale readings?

    <p>660 N, 330 N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mechanical equilibrium?

    <p>Any object at rest or moving in a straight line at a constant speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium rule?

    <p>The sum of all forces acting on the object must be zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a friction force?

    <p>A contact force that always acts opposite to the direction of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Science and the Scientific Method

    • Science involves the systematic gathering and organization of knowledge about nature.
    • The scientific method is a structured approach to obtaining and applying new knowledge, encompassing steps from observation to formulating rules based on experiments.
    • A scientific attitude emphasizes inquiry, integrity, and humility.

    Physics

    • Considered the foundational science, underpinning fields like chemistry, engineering, astronomy, and biology.
    • Covers a vast range of phenomena, from galaxy formation to atomic particle interactions.

    Descriptions in Science

    • Qualitative descriptions include non-numeric characteristics, e.g., warmth (the pan is hot).
    • Quantitative descriptions rely on measurable values, e.g., "the pan was at 87 degrees Celsius."

    Motion and Forces

    • Natural motion occurs without external assistance, such as falling or planetary orbits.
    • Violent motion requires an external push or pull, like towing a cart.
    • Heavier objects fall faster due to air pressure differences.

    Newton's Law of Motion

    • Newton's First Law states an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
    • Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in motion. More inertia means more difficulty in changing motion.

    Scalars and Vectors

    • Scalar quantities are described solely by a magnitude (e.g., speed).
    • Vector quantities possess both magnitude and direction (e.g., force).

    Scientific Validity

    • A valid scientific hypothesis must be susceptible to proof of being wrong.
    • Facts in science emerge from consensus among trained investigators.
    • Theories represent integrated and tested ideas.

    Pseudoscience and Religion

    • Pseudoscience includes claims presented as scientific that don't adhere to rigorous standards.
    • Science and religion are not inherently contradictory; individuals can engage in both.

    The Role of Physics

    • Physics provides foundational knowledge that technology applies for practical uses.

    Motion and Forces in Equilibrium

    • A moving object without force continues in a straight line at constant speed.
    • Net force can be calculated from opposing forces (e.g., 100 lbs right, 30 lbs left results in 70 lbs right).
    • Mechanical equilibrium exists when an object is at rest or maintains a steady velocity, with all acting forces balanced to zero.

    Support and Friction Forces

    • Support force (normal force) counters weight, e.g., a 12-N book resting on a table receives 12 N support upwards.
    • Frictional forces act opposite to motion on surfaces in contact, resisting movement.

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    Test your understanding of fundamental concepts in physics with these flashcards. Covering key terms such as science, scientific method, and scientific attitude, this quiz will help reinforce your knowledge in a structured way.

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