Physics Exam - Class 10

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Questions and Answers

Which statement about the refractive indices of rays P, Q, and R is true?

  • Refractive index for R is greater than that for P.
  • Refractive index for P, Q, and R is the same.
  • Refractive index for Q is equal to that for R.
  • Refractive index for P is greater than that for Q. (correct)

The angle of deviation of a prism primarily depends on which factors?

  • Angle of incidence and material of the prism (correct)
  • Material of the prism and size of the prism
  • Frequency of incident light
  • All factors mentioned

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between specific heat capacity and temperature change?

  • A substance with lower specific heat capacity will always cool down faster.
  • All substances have the same specific heat capacity.
  • A substance with higher specific heat capacity will have a smaller temperature change for the same energy input. (correct)
  • Specific heat capacity has no effect on temperature change.

To successfully catch a fish swimming in water, where should the hunter aim?

<p>A little below where the fish appears to be. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the observed temperature being lower than expected when mixing hot and cold water?

<p>Heat loss to the surroundings occurs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would the sky look like on a planet without an atmosphere?

<p>It would look similar to the night sky. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties do both reflection and refraction exhibit?

<p>Both involve a change in the direction of light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two pieces of ice are supplied the same amount of energy, what determines which will rise in temperature faster?

<p>The initial temperature of each piece of ice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In calorimetry experiments, the accuracy of temperature equalization can be affected by which factor?

<p>Insulation of the experimental setup. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the angle of incidence increases, how does this affect the angle of refraction in a prism?

<p>The angle of refraction increases depending on the material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that explains why the sky looks blue on Earth?

<p>The scattering of blue light by gas molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the temperature of water if heat is gained without a change in state?

<p>The temperature would increase based on the specific heat capacity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how light behaves as it travels from air into a more dense medium?

<p>It slows down and bends towards the normal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When combining lenses to correct vision, which lens property is most critical?

<p>The curvature and focal length. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of specific latent heat on temperature when a substance is undergoing a phase change?

<p>Temperature remains constant during the phase change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines 'specific heat capacity' accurately?

<p>The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 °C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to produce the highest note on a flute, which hole should the air be blown out of?

<p>The hole closest to the blowhole will produce the highest note. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the speed comparison between radio waves and visible light waves?

<p>Both radio waves and visible light waves travel at the same speed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly arranges the electromagnetic spectrum in decreasing order of wavelength?

<p>radio waves, infrared radiations, microwaves, and X-rays. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wave is known for its ability to kill harmful bacteria and can also cause skin cancer?

<p>Ultraviolet radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a quartz prism preferred over a glass prism for producing a UV spectrum?

<p>Quartz is transparent to UV radiations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is universally true about electromagnetic waves?

<p>They can travel through a vacuum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the effect of increasing the water level in Dinesh's experiment on the pitch produced?

<p>Higher water levels decrease the pitch. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ultraviolet radiation help the body produce?

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Refraction

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

Refractive Index

The ability of a medium to bend light.

Angle of Deviation

The angle between the incident ray and the refracted ray.

Scattering

The phenomenon where light scatters in all directions due to interaction with particles in the medium.

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Rayleigh Scattering

The scattering of blue light more than other colors in the visible spectrum.

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Apparent Depth

The apparent position of an object submerged in a transparent medium, which is different from its actual position.

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Prism

A device that splits white light into its constituent colors.

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Speed of Light

The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, approximately 3 x 10^8 meters per second.

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Highest note on a flute

The highest note is produced from the smallest hole on a flute, similar to how the bottle with the most water produces the highest note in the experiment. This is because the smaller the hole, the shorter the column of air that vibrates, leading to a higher frequency and a higher pitch.

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Speed of radio waves vs. visible light

Radio waves and visible light waves both travel at the same speed, which is the speed of light.

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Electromagnetic spectrum arrangement

The electromagnetic spectrum arranges waves according to decreasing wavelength. This means that radio waves have the longest wavelength, followed by microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays.

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Ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave that can kill bacteria, cause skin cancer, and help the body produce Vitamin D.

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Why quartz prism for UV spectrum?

A quartz prism is used to produce a UV spectrum because quartz is transparent to UV radiation, meaning it allows UV rays to pass through it without being absorbed or reflected.

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Properties of electromagnetic waves

All electromagnetic waves share the same fundamental characteristics. These include being transverse waves, meaning their oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

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Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

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Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization

The amount of heat energy required to change the state of 1 gram of a substance from liquid to gas at a constant temperature.

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Specific Heat Capacity and Temperature Change

The substance with the lower specific heat capacity will show a greater increase in temperature when equal amounts of energy are supplied.

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Heat Capacity

Heat Capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. It is calculated by multiplying the mass of the substance by its specific heat capacity.

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Heat Transfer and Temperature Change

If equal amounts of energy are supplied to equal masses of different substances, the substance with the lower specific heat capacity will experience a greater temperature rise.

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Principle of Calorimetry

The principle of calorimetry states that the heat lost by a hotter body is equal to the heat gained by a colder body. This principle helps us understand the exchange of heat energy between objects at different temperatures.

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Heat Loss to Surroundings

In a closed system, the total amount of heat energy remains constant. However, some heat energy may be lost to the surroundings, which can result in a lower observed temperature than predicted by calorimetry.

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Melting Point

The temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid is called its melting point.

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Study Notes

Physics Exam - Class 10

  • Total Questions: 50
  • Instructions: All questions are compulsory
  • Fill in the circle of the correct answer with a pencil. Do not tick or circle options.
  • Show working on a separate sheet if needed.
  • Check answers carefully before submitting as changes cannot be made after submission

Resistors in Parallel Combination

  • The potential difference across resistors is the same.
  • The equivalent resistance is less than the smallest resistance.
  • The current flowing through each resistor is not the same.

Electrical Quantities and the Cell

  • EMF (E) is the electromotive force of the cell
  • V is the terminal voltage
  • v is the voltage drop of the cell
  • The correct relation is v = E - V

Electrical Bulbs

  • A car headlight bulb marked 48 W 12 V can be used at home, but it will glow less brightly.

Simple Machines (Levers)

  • A wheelbarrow is a class 1 lever.
  • Other examples of class 1 levers include nodding of the head, raising weights on toes, and raising a load using the forearm.

Simple Pulley System

  • A block and tackle system with 3 pulleys can lift a 25 kg load with an effort of 50 N.
  • The mechanical advantage is 50.

Role of Pulley in Lifting

  • A pulley can change the direction of force needed to lift a load or reduce force required.

Sound Waves and the Siren

  • The pitch of a siren will increase as the vehicle approaches an observer.
  • The volume of the sound may decrease or remain the same depending on the specific circumstances

Speed of Sound in Different Media

  • The speed of sound in fluid P is 1600 m/s.
  • If it takes 5 seconds to travel the same distance in Fluid M, then the speed of sound in fluid M is 3200 m/s.

Types of Waves and the Slinky

  • A slinky can be used to demonstrate both longitudinal and transverse waves.
  • It also shows mechanical waves.

Notes Produced by a Flute

  • The smallest hole in the flute will produce the highest frequency note.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • The electromagnetic spectrum, arranged in decreasing order of wavelength, is radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiations, and X-rays

Harmful Effects of Radiation, and the Different Kinds of radiation

  • Gamma rays and ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer.
  • Gamma rays, X-rays, and beta radiations have varying consequences on the human body, ranging from no effect (short-term X-rays) to causing harm to biological components (Diana: neutron radiations, Hari: DNA and RNA alteration).

Radioactive Decay

  • A radioactive element X that undergoes decay by emitting a gamma particle is represented as X (A-0, Z-0).

Specific Heat Capacity, Heat Transfer and Temperature Changes in Water

  • The specific heat capacity of water affects how much temperature will change when equal amounts of heat are applied.
  • A given amount of energy will lead a smaller temperature change if the specific heat capacity of the substance is higher.

Calorimetry - Determining Temperature

  • The principle of calorimetry states that the amount of heat lost by one substance during a temperature change is equal to the heat gained by another substance.
  • Loss of heat to the surroundings leads to lower than expected changes in temperature

Convex Lenses, and Their Associated Properties

  • The focal length of a convex lens determines its power. A shorter focal length, results in higher power.
  • Focal length of converging lenses used by Shashank is either -33 cm or +25 cm.

Situations Involving Centre of Gravity and Stability of Objects

  • An object's centre of gravity is the point where the complete weight is concentrated.
  • An object is stable if a vertical line descending from its centre of gravity extends through the object's base.

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