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Questions and Answers
Equilibrium occurs when all forces acting on an object are ___.
Equilibrium occurs when all forces acting on an object are ___.
balanced
In static equilibrium, an object is either at rest or moving at ___ velocity.
In static equilibrium, an object is either at rest or moving at ___ velocity.
constant
In equilibrium, there is no ___ of the object.
In equilibrium, there is no ___ of the object.
acceleration
The sum of all torques acting on an object in equilibrium equals ___.
The sum of all torques acting on an object in equilibrium equals ___.
An example of static equilibrium is a ___ on a table.
An example of static equilibrium is a ___ on a table.
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object moves with a ___ speed.
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object moves with a ___ speed.
Equilibrium motion is a fundamental principle of ___.
Equilibrium motion is a fundamental principle of ___.
Balanced forces allow an object to continue moving without experiencing any ___.
Balanced forces allow an object to continue moving without experiencing any ___.
Gravity influences weight distribution in ______ equilibrium.
Gravity influences weight distribution in ______ equilibrium.
Friction prevents sliding in ______ equilibrium.
Friction prevents sliding in ______ equilibrium.
Dynamic equilibrium is affected by ______ resistance.
Dynamic equilibrium is affected by ______ resistance.
In dynamic equilibrium, total energy remains constant during ______.
In dynamic equilibrium, total energy remains constant during ______.
An example of unstable equilibrium is a pencil balanced on its ______.
An example of unstable equilibrium is a pencil balanced on its ______.
Neutral equilibrium occurs when an object has no ______ to return to its original position.
Neutral equilibrium occurs when an object has no ______ to return to its original position.
An object's geometry affects its center of gravity and ______.
An object's geometry affects its center of gravity and ______.
In stable equilibrium, the object returns to equilibrium when ______.
In stable equilibrium, the object returns to equilibrium when ______.
The net force is zero when in ________.
The net force is zero when in ________.
Newton's ________ states that for every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton's ________ states that for every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.
The fundamental relationship in Newton's Second Law is expressed as F = m * ________.
The fundamental relationship in Newton's Second Law is expressed as F = m * ________.
Human ________ is an example of dynamic equilibrium that involves constant adjustments.
Human ________ is an example of dynamic equilibrium that involves constant adjustments.
A ________ maintains equilibrium through precise muscular control and energy management.
A ________ maintains equilibrium through precise muscular control and energy management.
Engineers must ensure the ________ of structures to prevent failures.
Engineers must ensure the ________ of structures to prevent failures.
In satellite orbit, centripetal acceleration balances ________ pull.
In satellite orbit, centripetal acceleration balances ________ pull.
Skaters experience ________ when they glide at constant velocity, balancing push force with friction.
Skaters experience ________ when they glide at constant velocity, balancing push force with friction.
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Study Notes
Equilibrium
- Definition: A state where all forces acting on an object balance, resulting in no acceleration or net movement.
- Types:
- Static Equilibrium: Object is at rest.
- Dynamic Equilibrium: Object is moving at constant velocity.
Static Equilibrium
- No Net Force: The sum of all forces acting on an object is zero.
- No Net Torque: The sum of all torques acting on an object is zero.
- Stability: The object maintains its position and orientation over time.
Examples of Static Equilibrium
- Balanced Rock: A naturally formed rock that maintains a precarious position due to balanced forces.
- Hanging Chandelier: A suspended object with its weight balanced by the tension in the supporting chain.
- Book on a Table: An object at rest with its gravitational force countered by the normal force of the table.
Dynamic Equilibrium
- Constant Velocity: The object moves at a unchanging speed in a straight line.
- Balanced Forces: The net force is zero, but the object continues to move.
- Inertial Motion: No acceleration occurs due to the balance of forces.
Factors Affecting Equilibrium Motion
- Gravity: Influences weight distribution and affects orbital motion.
- Friction: Prevents sliding in static equilibrium and opposes constant motion in dynamic equilibrium.
- Air Resistance: Minimal impact in static equilibrium but affects terminal velocity in dynamic equilibrium.
Conservation of Energy in Equilibrium
- Static Equilibrium: Potential energy remains constant. No conversion to kinetic energy occurs.
- Dynamic Equilibrium: The total energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant during motion.
- Energy Transitions: In some systems, continuous conversion between potential and kinetic energy happens.
Types of Equilibrium
- Stable Equilibrium: Object returns to equilibrium when disturbed.
- Unstable Equilibrium: Object moves away from equilibrium when disturbed.
- Neutral Equilibrium: Object remains in a new position after disturbance.
Newton's Laws and Equilibrium
- First Law: Objects at rest or in uniform motion remain so unless acted upon by a force.
- Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). In equilibrium, the net force is zero.
- Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, maintaining balance.
Practical Applications of Equilibrium
- Engineering: Crucial for designing stable structures like bridges and buildings.
- Physics: Fundamental to understanding mechanics and force interactions.
- Chemistry: Applied in chemical reactions and thermodynamic processes.
- Biology: Important in studying homeostasis and ecological balance.
Examples of Dynamic Equilibrium
- Satellite Orbit: Centripetal acceleration balances gravitational pull, maintaining constant orbital velocity.
- Ice Skating: A skater glides at constant velocity when push force equals friction.
- Level Flight: Aircraft maintains altitude and speed when lift, thrust, drag, and weight balance.
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