Physics: Energy, Scalars, and Motion
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Questions and Answers

A cyclist travels 10 km north and then 5 km south. Which of these statements is true about the cyclist's journey?

  • The cyclist's displacement is 5 km south.
  • The cyclist's displacement is 15 km north.
  • The cyclist's total distance traveled is 5 km.
  • The cyclist's displacement is 5 km north. (correct)
  • A car accelerates from rest to a speed of 20 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the car's acceleration?

  • 5 m/s²
  • 100 m/s²
  • 4 m/s² (correct)
  • 20 m/s²
  • Which of these statements correctly describes the relationship between the force applied to a spring and its extension?

  • The force applied to a spring is inversely proportional to its extension.
  • The force applied to a spring is directly proportional to its extension, up to the limit of proportionality. (correct)
  • The extension of a spring is inversely proportional to the force applied.
  • The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, regardless of the limit of proportionality.
  • A skydiver jumps out of a plane. As the skydiver falls, what happens to the force of air resistance acting on them?

    <p>The force of air resistance increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of these statements is true about the ball's velocity and acceleration at the highest point of its trajectory?

    <p>Velocity is zero, acceleration is downwards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A spring with a spring constant of 50 N/m is stretched by 0.2 m. What is the elastic potential energy stored in the spring?

    <p>1 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two identical springs are connected end-to-end. If a force is applied to the combination, what is the effective spring constant of the system?

    <p>Half the spring constant of a single spring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a scalar quantity?

    <p>Distance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Elastic Potential Energy

    Energy stored in an elastic object when deformed (stretched or compressed).

    Scalar Quantity

    A measurement that has only magnitude, like distance or speed.

    Vector Quantity

    A measurement that has both magnitude and direction, like displacement or velocity.

    Distance-Time Graph

    A graph where the slope indicates speed; steeper means faster.

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    Velocity-Time Graph

    A graph where the slope indicates acceleration; area under line shows distance travelled.

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    Hooke's Law

    The extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied until the limit of proportionality is reached.

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    Terminal Velocity

    The constant speed an object reaches when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.

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    Elastic Potential Energy Formula

    Calculated as E_e = 1/2 * spring constant * (extension)^2.

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    Study Notes

    Elastic Potential Energy

    • Elastic objects return to their original shape after deformation
    • Work is done when stretching/squashing an elastic object
    • Energy is stored as elastic potential energy
    • Elastic Potential Energy = 1/2 x spring constant x (extension)²

    Scalars and Vectors

    • Scalars have only magnitude (size)
    • Vectors have both magnitude and direction
    • Examples of scalar quantities: distance, speed, time, mass, energy
    • Examples of vector quantities: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

    Velocity and Acceleration

    • Speed is the rate of change of distance
    • Velocity is the rate of change of displacement
    • Velocity = change in distance / change in time (v = Δs/Δt)
    • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
    • Acceleration = change in velocity / change in time (a = Δv/Δt = (v-u)/t)
    • The gradient of a distance-time graph gives speed
    • The gradient of a velocity-time graph gives acceleration
    • The area under a velocity-time graph gives total distance travelled

    Hooke's Law

    • Extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality.
    • Force = spring constant x extension (F = ke)
    • Stiffer springs have larger spring constants

    Air Resistance

    • The size of air resistance depends on the speed and area of the moving object perpendicular to the air flow

    Terminal Velocity

    • An object falling in air accelerates at first
    • As speed increases, drag increases
    • Resultant force decreases
    • Acceleration decreases
    • Object travels at a constant speed (terminal velocity)

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    Description

    Explore key concepts in physics including elastic potential energy, scalars, and vectors, as well as velocity and acceleration. This quiz covers fundamental principles and formulas that are essential for understanding motion and energy in physical systems.

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