Questions and Answers
What is a push or a pull that always acts on an object?
What is a change in a moving object's speed or direction?
What is a force that always acts in the opposite direction of motion?
What is a measure that does not change when an object's location changes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the measure of gravitational force exerted on an object?
Signup and view all the answers
What refers to the speed of an object in a particular direction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the force of attraction between objects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an object that appears to stay in place and helps detect motion in another object?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is an example of friction that is helpful?
Signup and view all the answers
To calculate an object's average acceleration, you need to know what?
Signup and view all the answers
The gravitational pull is greater between two objects that:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the net force on an object when you combine a force of 10 N north with a force of 5 N south?
Signup and view all the answers
Mass is what?
Signup and view all the answers
Dividing the total distance traveled by the total time is how to calculate what?
Signup and view all the answers
The difference between speed and velocity is that:
Signup and view all the answers
To produce change in motion, a force must be a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
When a mover puts furniture on wheels, which type of friction is the mover using to make the job easier?
Signup and view all the answers
Friction occurs because of:
Signup and view all the answers
A hiker's velocity begins at 1.8 m/s uphill and changes to 1.5 m/s uphill. How do you know that the hiker has a negative acceleration?
Signup and view all the answers
In which of the following is a skater NOT accelerating?
Signup and view all the answers
If a student has a weight of 420 N on Earth, what is the student's weight on the moon? (Moon's gravity = 1/6 of Earth's gravity)
Signup and view all the answers
An unbalanced force can cause an object's motion to change by:
Signup and view all the answers
The law of universal gravitation says that gravitational force is:
Signup and view all the answers
If a tennis ball, a baseball, and a golf ball are dropped together from a high place, which ball will land first?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cart will accelerate the least?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when a moving bumper car hits a bumper car at rest?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does a crumpled piece of paper land before a flat sheet of paper?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do astronauts in an orbiting spacecraft seem weightless?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is NOT an action/reaction force pair?
Signup and view all the answers
What must you know to find the momentum?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does a ball thrown level to the ground move downward?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true when all objects collide?
Signup and view all the answers
Acceleration is caused by a force acting on a mass. What is this principle called?
Signup and view all the answers
For a force on an object, what is the other force called?
Signup and view all the answers
Without any force to change it, what do Newton's first law states about an object's state?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the curved path something follows when it is thrown near Earth's surface called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the velocity of a falling object when gravity is balanced with air resistance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion called?
Signup and view all the answers
What states that the total amount of momentum stays the same when objects collide?
Signup and view all the answers
The unbalanced force that causes objects to move in a circular path is called a(n) ________________
Signup and view all the answers
The product of the mass and velocity of an object is called _________________
Signup and view all the answers
The tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion is called _________________
Signup and view all the answers
The forward motion of a spacecraft combines with its motion in ______________________ to cause orbiting
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Forces and Motion Concepts
- A force is defined as a push or pull acting on an object.
- Acceleration refers to a change in speed or direction of a moving object.
- Friction is a force acting opposite to the direction of motion, resisting movement.
- Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of location.
- Weight indicates the gravitational force exerted on an object, varying based on location.
- Velocity encompasses speed in a specific direction, differentiating it from speed alone.
Gravitational Concepts
- Gravity signifies the attractive force between objects; its strength increases with greater mass.
- Objects experience a balance of gravitational pull and air resistance, influencing their motion.
Reference Points and Motion
- A reference point is an object that appears to remain stationary, aiding the observation of motion in another object.
- Acceleration can be observed when there is a change in speed or direction.
Calculating Motion
- To determine an object's average acceleration, one must know the starting and final velocities, along with the time taken to change those velocities.
- The net force resulting from multiple forces can be calculated by vector addition; examples show combinations yielding 5 N north from opposing forces.
Applications of Newton's Laws
- Newton's first law states objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion without external forces.
- Newton's second law asserts that acceleration results from a force acting on a mass.
- Newton's third law indicates that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, underlining interaction forces.
- The law of conservation of momentum states that in collisions, total momentum remains constant.
Types of Friction and Motion
- Rolling kinetic friction aids movement, as seen when furniture is placed on wheels.
- Terminal velocity is reached when an object's falling speed is balanced by air resistance.
- Air resistance affects falling objects; a crumpled paper falls faster than a flat sheet due to less air resistance.
Orbital Motion and Weightlessness
- Astronauts feel weightless in orbit as they and their spacecraft are in a continuous state of free fall.
- The curved path of projectiles near Earth is described as projectile motion.
Momentum and Forces
- Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, critical for understanding motion.
- Centripetal force is the unbalanced force necessary for maintaining circular motion.
- The inertia of objects is the resistance to changes in motion; a concept crucial to understanding how forces affect movement.
Practical Examples
- An object that appears stationary aids in detecting the motion of other objects.
- The weight of an object on the Moon can be calculated using Earth's weight and the Moon's gravity (1/6 of Earth’s). For example, a weight of 420 N on Earth translates to 70 N on the Moon.
- Understanding forces and motion enhances comprehension of everyday phenomena, like why certain friction types are beneficial in transport.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of key physics concepts in Chapter Test A. This quiz covers fundamental terms and definitions related to force, acceleration, friction, and mass. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of physical science principles.
