Physics Terminology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does kinematics focus on?

The motion of an object without considering the cause.

What is a scalar quantity?

A mathematical quantity that has magnitude only.

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Distance is the total path length traveled. Displacement is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point.

What is the definition of velocity?

<p>Velocity is the rate of change of position, or the displacement divided by the time elapsed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of acceleration?

<p>Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, or the change in velocity divided by the time elapsed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is uniform motion?

<p>Uniform motion is motion at a constant velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is non-uniform velocity?

<p>Non-uniform velocity is motion with a changing velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is average speed?

<p>Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is instantaneous speed?

<p>Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at a specific instant in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acceleration due to gravity?

<p>Acceleration due to gravity is the acceleration that occurs when an object is falling freely near the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is terminal velocity?

<p>Terminal velocity is the constant velocity reached by an object when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time of flight for a projectile?

<p>The time of flight is the amount of time it takes for a projectile to complete its motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of a projectile?

<p>The range of a projectile is the horizontal distance traveled by the projectile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inertia?

<p>Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Newton's First Law of Motion?

<p>Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?

<p>Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mass?

<p>Mass is the amount of matter an object is made of.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is friction?

<p>Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kinetic friction?

<p>Kinetic friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object that is already moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is temperature?

<p>Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is specific heat capacity?

<p>Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is latent heat of fusion?

<p>Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is latent heat of vaporization?

<p>Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleons?

<p>Nucleons are the particles found in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a proton?

<p>A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ground state of an atom?

<p>The ground state of an atom is the state where all of the electrons are in their lowest possible energy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an excited state of an atom?

<p>An excited state of an atom is the state where one or more electrons have been promoted to higher energy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an atom?

<p>The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a radioisotope?

<p>A radioisotope is an unstable isotope that undergoes radioactive decay, releasing energy in the form of radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nuclear reaction?

<p>A nuclear reaction is a process that involves changes in the nuclei of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exothermic reaction?

<p>An exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electrostatic force?

<p>Electrostatic force is the force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the strong nuclear force?

<p>The strong nuclear force is the force that holds together the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is half-life?

<p>The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nuclear fission?

<p>Nuclear fission is the process in which the nucleus of an atom is split into two or more smaller nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mechanical wave?

<p>A mechanical wave is a wave that requires a medium to travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electromagnetic wave?

<p>An electromagnetic wave is a wave that does not require a medium to travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a transverse wave?

<p>A transverse wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a longitudinal wave?

<p>A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wavelength?

<p>Wavelength is the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is amplitude?

<p>Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mechanics

The study of motion (the change is an object's location as measured by a particular observer) and forces.

Kinematics

Focuses on the motion only without considering the cause.

Dynamics

Focuses on the causes of the motion.

Scalar

A mathematical quantity that has magnitude (size) only. I.e. 25m

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Vector

A mathematical quantity that has both direction and magnitude. Represented by an arrow. I.e. 25m [east]

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Position

The distance and direction of an object from a reference point. Vector quantity

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Displacement

The change in position of an object. Vector quantity

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Distance

The total travel of an object, with no concern for direction. Scalar quantity

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Speed

The total distance traveled divided by the time elapsed. Scalar quantity

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Velocity

The total displacement divided by the time elapsed. Vector quantity

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Acceleration

How quickly an object's velocity changes over time (rate of change of velocity). a=change in velocity/change in time

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Uniform motion

Motion at a constant velocity (speed and direction). Constant velocity. I.e driving down a highway with cruise control on

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Non-uniform motion

Motion with a changing velocity (speed or direction). Change in velocity. I.e pulling away from a stop sign

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Average speed or velocity

Refers to the speed/velocity of an object over a time interval. Choose two points on the curve and determine the slope of this secant line

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Instantaneous speed or velocity

Refers to the speed/velocity of an object at a specific instant time. Draw a tangent line (just touches the curve) at the time in the question

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Slope

Gives acceleration during that time interval

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Area

Used to figure out displacement

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Acceleration due to gravity (g)

Refers to acceleration that occurs when an object is falling freely near the earth's surface. As a result, it will experience an acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 [down]

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Terminal velocity

Refers to the velocity an object reaches when the downward force of gravity is equal to the upward force of air resistance. Unless the surface area of the object changes, the velocity will remain constant

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Time of flight

The amount of time it takes for a projectile to complete its motion

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Range

The horizontal distance traveled by the projectile

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Mass

The amount of matter in an object is made of (kg)

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Weight

Refers to the force of gravity acting on something (N)

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Gravity

Is a fundamental force that binds the universe together

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Friction

Caused by surface imperfections and is thus dependent on the materials in contact. Microscopic 'welds' form that must be broken to move the object

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Kinetic friction

Friction slowing down the motion of an object

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Static friction

Friction preventing the motion of an object, increases up to a maximum (welds break)

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Matter

Stuff that makes up the universe

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Energy

Duel that makes matter go

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Power

The rate at which work is done

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Study Notes

Physics Terminology

  • Mechanics is the study of motion and forces.
  • Kinematics focuses solely on the motion of an object, excluding the causes.
  • Dynamics examines the causes of motion.
  • Scalar quantities have magnitude only (e.g., 25m).
  • Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction (e.g., 25m [East]).
  • Position is the distance and direction from a reference point.
  • Displacement describes the change in an object's position.
  • Distance is the total path traveled, regardless of direction.
  • Speed is the total distance divided by the time taken.
  • Velocity is the total displacement divided by the time taken.
  • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
  • Uniform motion occurs at a constant velocity (speed and direction).
  • Non-uniform motion involves a changing velocity.

Forces

  • Inertia is a property of matter resistant to changes in motion. It's directly proportional to mass.
  • Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
  • Newton's Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
  • Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
  • Mass is the amount of matter in an object (measured in kg).
  • Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object (measured in N).

Energy and Society

  • Matter is the "stuff" that makes up the universe.
  • Energy is the ability to do work.
  • Power is the rate at which work is done.
  • Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
  • Celsius is a temperature scale based on freezing and boiling points of water.
  • Fahrenheit is a temperature scale with different freezing and boiling points of water.
  • Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer to a cooler object.
  • Specific heat capacity describes the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
  • Latent heat of fusion is the energy needed to melt a solid.
  • Latent heat of vaporization is the energy needed to vaporize a liquid.
  • Nucleons are particles within the atomic nucleus (protons and neutrons).
  • Proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus.
  • Neutron is a neutral particle in the nucleus.
  • Ground state is the state of an atom where all electrons are in their lowest possible energy levels.

Waves and Sound

  • Vibration is a disturbance or cyclical motion around an equilibrium point.
  • Wave is a travelling disturbance transporting energy.
  • Mechanical wave needs a medium to travel (e.g., sound waves).
  • Electromagnetic wave can travel without a medium (e.g., light waves).
  • Transverse wave moves perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
  • Longitudinal wave moves parallel to the direction of energy transfer.
  • Wavelength (λ) is the distance between successive crests or troughs in a wave.
  • Amplitude (A) is the maximum displacement from equilibrium.
  • Period (T) is the time taken for one complete cycle.
  • Frequency (f) is the number of cycles per unit time (measured in Hertz).
  • Wave speed (v) is the rate at which a wave travels.
  • Sound waves are longitudinal waves humans can hear (20 Hz to 20,000 Hz).
  • Infrasonic sound has frequencies below 20 Hz.
  • Ultrasonic sound has frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
  • Interference: Combining of waves - Constructive (increase) and Destructive (decrease)
  • Resonance: Increased amplitude of vibration due to natural frequency.

Electricity and Magnetism

  • Electric charges cause attraction or repulsion.
  • Electrostatic force is the force between electric charges.
  • Strong nuclear force strongly attracts nucleons.
  • Half-life is the average time for half of an unstable material to decay.
  • Nuclear fission is the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei.
  • Nuclear fusion is the combining of light atomic nuclei.

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Physics Terminology PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on essential physics terminology! This quiz covers key concepts in mechanics, kinematics, dynamics, and the different types of physical quantities. Understand important definitions like speed, velocity, and forces to excel in your physics studies.

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