Physics Chapter: Static Electricity and Circuits
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Questions and Answers

When there is a flow of electrons in the circuit, the circuit is ________.

closed

What device is used to open and close a circuit at will?

  • Transistor
  • Capacitor
  • Switch (correct)
  • Resistor

Electrons flow from the positive terminal to the negative terminal in a circuit.

False (B)

What types of particles are responsible for electric current in metals?

<p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Current = Flow of electric charge Charge = Amount of electricity carried by a particle Coulomb (C) = Unit of electric charge Ampere (A) = Unit of electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electric current is measured in _____________.

<p>amperes</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 12 C passes through a conductor in 4.0 seconds, what is the current produced?

<p>3 A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the current if an electroscope has a surplus of 1.25 x 10^15 electrons and discharges in 0.50 s.

<p>5 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when one of the loads connected in series fails?

<p>The whole circuit becomes open and electricity ceases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a parallel circuit, the current is identical at all points.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pathways' refer to in a parallel circuit?

<p>Branches or routes that electrons can take.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a series circuit, the current is the same in all parts of the circuit and the quantity of charge is __________ everywhere.

<p>constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Series Circuit = Only one pathway for current Parallel Circuit = Multiple pathways for current Resistance = Opposition to the flow of current Equivalent Resistance = Total resistance of combined resistances</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adding a resistance in parallel to a circuit will have what effect on the overall resistance?

<p>It decreases the total resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a circuit with loads in parallel, if one load fails, the other loads continue to function.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In materials where electrons move freely, they are referred to as __________ materials.

<p>conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a comb after being passed through hair?

<p>It acquires a negative charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Charging by friction involves the transfer of electrons between two objects.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of conductors compared to insulators?

<p>Conductors allow the flow of electric current, while insulators do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of electricity that involves charged particles in motion is called __________.

<p>current electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

<p>Conductor = Material that allows electric current to flow easily Insulator = Material that does not allow electric current to flow easily Static Electricity = Electric charge that stays in one place Current Electricity = Electric charge that moves through a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a lightning rod?

<p>To attract lightning and discharge it safely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electricity can only flow through a closed circuit.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the potential difference required to push electric current through a circuit?

<p>Voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

A circuit with components connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow, is known as a __________ circuit.

<p>series</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines resistance in an electric circuit?

<p>The opposition to the flow of electric current (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Closed and Open Circuits

A closed circuit allows a continuous flow of electrons, while an open circuit interrupts the flow.

What is a switch in a circuit?

A switch is a device that can open or close a circuit, controlling the flow of electricity.

Electron flow direction

Electrons always move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal in a circuit.

What is electric current?

Electric current is the flow of electric charge. In metals, these charges are electrons.

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What is the definition of electric current?

The amount of electric charge that passes a given point in a conductor in one second.

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What is the charge of an electron?

The charge of an electron is -1.602 x 10^-19 Coulombs (C).

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How to calculate electric current?

The amount of electric current (I) is calculated by dividing the total charge (Q) by the time (t) it takes for the charge to pass through the conductor. I = Q/t

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What is the unit of electric current?

Electric current is measured in Amperes (A). 1 Ampere is the current produced by 1 Coulomb of charge flowing through a point in a conductor in 1 second.

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Static Electricity

Static electricity is a buildup of electrical charge on a surface.

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Conductor

A conductor is a material that allows electricity to flow through it easily, like metal.

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Insulator

An insulator is a material that resists the flow of electricity, like rubber or plastic.

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Charging by Friction

Charging by friction happens when two materials are rubbed together, causing electrons to transfer from one surface to the other.

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Electroscope

An electroscope is a device used to detect static charges. It consists of two thin metal leaves that repel each other when charged.

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Charging by Induction

Induction is a method of charging an object without direct contact. A charged object brings its charge close to a neutral object, causing a separation of charges within the neutral object.

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Charging by Contact

Charging by contact occurs when a charged object touches a neutral object, transferring charge from one object to the other.

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Lightning

A lightning strike is a sudden and powerful discharge of static electricity from a cloud to the ground or between clouds.

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Lightning Rod

A lightning rod is a metal rod placed on a building to protect it from lightning strikes. It provides a safe path for the electrical charge to flow to the ground.

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Battery

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells that produce an electric current.

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What is the key characteristic of current in a series circuit?

In a series circuit, the current remains the same at every point in the circuit. This means the number of electrons flowing per second is constant throughout.

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What happens in a series circuit if one component fails?

If one component in a series circuit fails, the entire circuit breaks, and no current flows through any of the components.

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What are the pathways in a parallel circuit called?

Parallel circuits offer multiple pathways for electrons to flow, creating independent branches.

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How does current behave in a parallel circuit?

In a parallel circuit, the current is not the same throughout. Each branch can have its own current flow depending on the resistance of that branch.

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What happens to the total resistance and current when a resistance is added in parallel?

Adding more resistance in parallel decreases the total resistance of the circuit. This results in an increased current from the source.

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What equation is used to calculate the equivalent resistance in a parallel circuit?

"# # # #"\n"= + +"\n"!# !# !

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Describe the electron movement in conductors and insulators.

Materials hold onto their electrons with varying strength. In conductors, electrons move freely between atoms. In insulators, electrons are tightly bound to atoms.

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What is the direction of electron flow in a circuit?

Electrons always flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal in a circuit.

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Study Notes

Static Electricity and Energy

  • Static electricity deals with stationary electric charges
  • Objects can become charged through friction, contact, or induction
  • Opposite charges attract, and like charges repel
  • Insulators do not allow electrons to move easily
  • Conductors allow electrons to move easily
  • Objects can be charged by friction, contact, or induction
  • Static electricity can be used for practical applications such as in electrostatic precipitators

Electric Circuits

  • Circuits are the pathways for electric current.
  • Current is the rate of flow of electric charge.
  • Electric current flows from high voltage to low voltage.
  • Series circuits is when all the charges are connected in a chain-like manner to the same electric current source
  • Parallel circuits are when charges are connected separately and will have multiple pathways to the same electric current source

Measuring Electrical Quantities

  • Resistance measures how much a material hinders the flow of electric charge.
  • Voltage measures the difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a circuit
  • Current measures the rate at which charge flows through a circuit.
  • Ohm's Law: Voltage = Current x Resistance (V = IR)

Electric Charges in Action

  • Electric force plays a critical role in interactions between charged objects, similar to the way gravity interacts with mass.
  • Static electricity involves the accumulation or transfer of electric charge.

Electricity in Everyday Life

  • Electric forces contribute to phenomena like the way hair stands up when combed, or how dust sticks to surfaces.
  • The properties of materials, like being a conductor or insulator play a role in how electricity is used.

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SNC1W Science 9e Électricité 2024 PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of static electricity and electric circuits in this quiz. Learn how charges interact, the differences between series and parallel circuits, and how various materials affect the flow of current. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in physics.

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