Physics Chapter on Static Friction
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Questions and Answers

What is the condition for a block to just begin sliding on a surface?

  • When the static friction force equals the gravitational force.
  • When the normal force equals the weight of the object.
  • When the frictional force exceeds the gravitational force.
  • When the frictional force is less than the maximum static friction. (correct)

    • What does the maximum static friction force depend on?

  • The speed of the object.
  • The coefficient of static friction and the normal force. (correct)
  • The type of surface and the weight of the object.
  • The mass of the object only.

    • Which statement is true regarding static friction?

  • It acts only when an object is in motion.
  • It is independent of the mass of the object. (correct)
  • It increases indefinitely with applied force.
  • It always equals the gravitational force acting on an object.

    • In the parallelogram law, which of the following represents equilibrated forces?

    <p>Forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the static friction force when slipping has not yet occurred?

    <p>It is at its maximum value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the friction force as the angle of the inclined plane increases?

    <p>Friction force also increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the MAN-CAGE problem, what is the scenario if the man holds the cage stationary?

    <p>The cage remains stationary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the relationship involving friction and normal force?

    <p>fs = µsN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case-1 described, what condition is implied for the box?

    <p>The box does not slip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a large force acts for a short period in relation to the box?

    <p>It may cause the box to slip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the angles and coefficients involved in static friction?

    <p>tan θ = µs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for static friction between two bodies?

    <p>f = 0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a box start to slip on an incline?

    <p>When the force is greater than static friction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the angle exceeds the angle of repose?

    <p>The box slips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of inclined surfaces, how is the friction force defined?

    <p>f = µs N (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the acceleration of an object on an inclined plane related to gravity?

    <p>a = g sin θ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does static friction play when there is no motion between surfaces?

    <p>Adjusts to match the applied force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation properly represents the forces acting on an object on a slope without motion?

    <p>fs = M0 g cos θ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that determines the maximum static frictional force?

    <p>The normal force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true for the object to remain at rest on an inclined plane?

    <p>The net force must be zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to static friction as the applied force increases?

    <p>It increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the maximum value of static friction?

    <p>Limiting friction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a body start to move on an inclined plane?

    <p>When the applied force exceeds the limiting friction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the normal force (R) as the angle of the inclined plane increases?

    <p>It remains constant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between limiting friction and static friction?

    <p>Static friction is less than or equal to limiting friction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the normal force (R) once sliding begins on an inclined plane?

    <p>It starts to decrease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the value of static friction before sliding starts?

    <p>It reaches a constant maximum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the angle of inclination increases, what remains constant?

    <p>The normal force (R). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When static friction is in effect, what can be said about the motion of the body?

    <p>The body does not move until limiting friction is overcome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for static friction when a force is applied?

    <p>Static friction is proportional to the applied force. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be fulfilled for there to be no relative slipping between two surfaces?

    <p>The static friction force must be equal to the applied force. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the relationship between mass, weight, and static friction?

    <p>fs &lt; µs mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation $R = N^2 + fs^2$ represent?

    <p>The resultant force vector combining normal and static friction forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term $Rmax = N(1 + rac{µk^2}{g})$ implies what about the forces acting on an object?

    <p>Normal force directly affects the maximum resultant force. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum mass $M_0$ necessary to prevent relative slipping?

    <p>It must be greater than the maximum static friction force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the normal force increases, what is the expected effect on static friction?

    <p>Static friction will increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term $a = gtan$ indicate?

    <p>The acceleration linked to the angle of incline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation $fs < µsN$, what do the symbols represent?

    <p>fs is the static friction force, N is the normal force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied when the velocity of B towards A is described as $v sin$?

    <p>The movement involves a horizontal component influenced by an angle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the angle of kinetic friction play in motion?

    <p>It helps determine the maximum capacity of static friction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for an object to feel heavier than its actual weight?

    <p>The object must be accelerated upward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's Second Law, what does the net force equal?

    <p>The rate of change of momentum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case does the restoring force develop when a longitudinal force is applied?

    <p>When the object is at rest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a body accelerates downward at a rate of 'g', what is true?

    <p>The body enters a state of free fall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of momentum?

    <p>kg m/s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the net force acts on an object, how does it affect the object's motion?

    <p>The object's velocity changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition leads to the formula R = m(g - a)?

    <p>When the object accelerates downward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'P = mv' represent in physics?

    <p>Momentum of an object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when acceleration 'a' is greater than 'g'?

    <p>The body loses contact with the ground. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Fnet' represent in the context of motion?

    <p>The total force acting on an object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a normal force have on an object on the ground?

    <p>It acts as the sole force against gravity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scenario where R = 2mg, what can be inferred about the object's state?

    <p>The object is being accelerated upward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apparent weight (Wapp) when the object is stationary?

    <p>Equal to the actual weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of momentum?

    <p>It is always conserved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Force

    The change in momentum over time. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.

    Momentum

    The product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.

    Average Force

    The change in momentum over time. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.

    Instantaneous Force

    The force acting at a specific instant in time. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.

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    Inertia

    The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

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    Weight

    The force exerted on an object by gravity. It acts towards the center of the Earth.

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    Normal Force

    The force exerted by a surface on an object that is in contact with it. It acts perpendicular to the surface.

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    Friction

    The force that resists the motion of an object across a surface. It acts parallel to the surface.

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    Restoring Force

    The force exerted by a spring when it is stretched or compressed. It acts in the opposite direction of the displacement.

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    Centripetal Force

    The force that acts on an object due to its motion in a circular path.

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    Newton's Second Law of Motion

    Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

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    Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

    The gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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    Acceleration due to Gravity

    The acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth.

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    Apparent Weight - Accelerated Upwards

    In a system where an object is moving upwards with an acceleration of 'g', the apparent weight is twice the actual weight.

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    Apparent Weight - Accelerated Downwards

    In a system where an object is moving downwards with an acceleration of 'a', the apparent weight is less than the actual weight.

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    Minimum acceleration of M for no slipping

    The minimum acceleration required for block M to prevent relative slipping with the mass on the inclined plane.

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    Minimum mass Mo for no slipping

    The minimum mass (Mo) of the block on the inclined plane such that there is no relative slipping between the block and the plane.

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    Maximum static friction force (fs)max

    The maximum force of static friction that can act between two surfaces before they start to slip.

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    Coefficient of static friction (µs)

    The coefficient of static friction is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the maximum static friction to the normal force between two surfaces.

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    Coefficient of kinetic friction (µk)

    The coefficient of kinetic friction is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the kinetic friction force to the normal force between two surfaces in motion.

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    Kinetic friction force (fk)

    The force of kinetic friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object sliding across a surface.

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    Normal force (N)

    The normal force is the force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the object in contact with it.

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    Resultant force (R)

    The resultant force is the vector sum of all the forces acting on an object.

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    Angle of kinetic friction (θ)

    The angle of kinetic friction is the angle between the direction of the kinetic friction force and the normal force.

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    Tension force (T)

    The force acting on the block due to the tension in the string.

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    Maximum Static Friction (fs)max

    The maximum force of static friction that an object can experience before it starts moving.

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    Angle of Repose

    The angle of an inclined plane at which an object will just start to slide down due to gravity.

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    Acceleration of a Box on an Inclined Plane (aT)

    The acceleration of an object along an inclined plane when the net force acting on it is greater than the maximum static friction force.

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    Friction Force (f)

    The force that acts parallel to the surface an object is resting on, opposing its motion.

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    Gravitational Force Down The Inclined Plane (M0g)

    The component of gravitational force acting on an object placed on an inclined plane.

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    Acceleration (a)

    The rate at which the velocity of an object changes over time.

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    Kinetic Friction (fk)

    The frictional force acting on an object when it's moving.

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    Lami's Theorem

    A theorem in statics which states that if three forces acting on a body are in equilibrium, then the magnitude of each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two forces.

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    Equilibrium

    A condition where the net force acting on an object is zero, resulting in no acceleration.

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    Friction (f)

    The force that resists the motion of an object across a surface. It acts parallel to the surface.

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    Static Friction

    Friction that acts on an object at rest, preventing it from moving.

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    Limiting Friction (fs)max

    The maximum value of static friction that can be overcome before an object starts moving.

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    Kinetic Friction

    The force that opposes the motion of an object that is already moving across a surface, acting parallel to the surface.

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    Weight (mg)

    The force of gravity acting on an object, pulling it towards the center of the Earth.

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    Centripetal Force (Fc)

    The force that acts on an object moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of the circle.

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    Study Notes

    Inertia

    • A body cannot change its state of rest or uniform motion along a straight line. This property is called inertia.
    • Inertia has no unit and no dimension.
    • Inertia of rest: Inability to change state of rest by itself.
    • Inertia of motion: Inability of a body to change its state of uniform motion by itself.
    • Inertia of direction: Inability of a body to change direction of motion by itself.

    Newton's Third Law

    • To every action, there is always an equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction) reaction.
    • Forces in nature always occur in pairs.
    • A single isolated force is not possible.
    • Action and reaction never act on the same body.

    Inclined Forces

    • If Fsine > Mg, the block accelerates horizontally.
    • If Fsine < Mg, the block remains in contact with the ground.
    • If Fsine = Mg, the block just leaves contact with the ground and begins to accelerate obliquely.

    Motion of Connected Bodies

    • Pulley-block system with M₁ > M₂
    • Ideal pulley: Tension (T) is the same everywhere.
    • Equation for acceleration (a) in a pulley system with M₁ and M₂: a = (M₁ - M₂)/ (M₁ + M₂) g.
    • Equations for tension (T): T = 2M₁M₂g/(M₁ + M₂).

    Lift Problems

    • Apparent weight of body in a lift
    • Reaction force exerted by a weighing machine, readings.
    • Cases of lift at rest, moving with constant velocity, accelerating upward(a), accelerating downward (a).

    Liquid Jets

    • Jet stopped at wall, v=0, Fwall = pAu²
    • When jet bounces back, F = -2 pAu². -ve
    • Oblique jet, Fwall = 2pAu²cosθ, +ve

    Motion of Blocks Connected by Massless String

    • Tension is same everywhere and is a restoring force for elongation.
    • Tension acts away from the object.
    • Tension will be different at different points, when the rope is thick.

    Laws of Motion

    • Impulse = Change in momentum. I = P - P or I = ∫F dt
    • Impulsive force: Large force acting for a short time.
    • Average impulsive force: Impulse/Time.

    Relative Slipping

    • Minimum force needed to push an incline such that a mass does not slip.
    • Conditions for slipping to not occur
    • Minimum acceleration of one mass (M) to prevent another mass (m) from slipping relative to it.

    Angle of Friction

    • Angle (θ) between resultant force (R) and normal (N) when an object is on an incline or other surface.
    • Related to coefficient of friction (μ).

    Friction

    • Static friction: Self-adjusting force, opposes motion but not necessarily equal to the applied force.
    • Kinetic friction: Opposes motion when surfaces are slipping over each other.
    • Angle of repose: Angle of incline at which a block is about to slip.
    • Normal reaction (N): Force perpendicular to the surface.

    Equilibrium & Lami's Theorem

    • Parallelogram law for forces in equilibrium. Forces acting at a point in equilibrium can be represented by vectors that form closed triangle, when drawn tip-to-tail.

    Impulse

    • Impulse = Change in momentum.
    • Impulse is calculated as integral of an applied force over a time interval.
    • It is a vector quantity.

    Frame of Reference & Pseudo Force

    • Inertial frame: Rest or constant velocity.
    • Non-inertial frame: Accelerated frame.
    • Pseudo force = -ma.

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    Test your understanding of static friction with this quiz focusing on its conditions and properties. Explore concepts such as the maximum static friction force and the role of equilibrated forces in physics. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge in mechanics.

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