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Questions and Answers
What is the condition for a block to just begin sliding on a surface?
What is the condition for a block to just begin sliding on a surface?
- When the static friction force equals the gravitational force.
- When the normal force equals the weight of the object.
- When the frictional force exceeds the gravitational force.
- When the frictional force is less than the maximum static friction. (correct)
What does the maximum static friction force depend on?
What does the maximum static friction force depend on?
- The speed of the object.
- The coefficient of static friction and the normal force. (correct)
- The type of surface and the weight of the object.
- The mass of the object only.
Which statement is true regarding static friction?
Which statement is true regarding static friction?
- It acts only when an object is in motion.
- It is independent of the mass of the object. (correct)
- It increases indefinitely with applied force.
- It always equals the gravitational force acting on an object.
In the parallelogram law, which of the following represents equilibrated forces?
In the parallelogram law, which of the following represents equilibrated forces?
What happens to the static friction force when slipping has not yet occurred?
What happens to the static friction force when slipping has not yet occurred?
What happens to the friction force as the angle of the inclined plane increases?
What happens to the friction force as the angle of the inclined plane increases?
In the MAN-CAGE problem, what is the scenario if the man holds the cage stationary?
In the MAN-CAGE problem, what is the scenario if the man holds the cage stationary?
Which equation represents the relationship involving friction and normal force?
Which equation represents the relationship involving friction and normal force?
In case-1 described, what condition is implied for the box?
In case-1 described, what condition is implied for the box?
What occurs when a large force acts for a short period in relation to the box?
What occurs when a large force acts for a short period in relation to the box?
What is the relationship between the angles and coefficients involved in static friction?
What is the relationship between the angles and coefficients involved in static friction?
What is the condition for static friction between two bodies?
What is the condition for static friction between two bodies?
When does a box start to slip on an incline?
When does a box start to slip on an incline?
What happens when the angle exceeds the angle of repose?
What happens when the angle exceeds the angle of repose?
In the context of inclined surfaces, how is the friction force defined?
In the context of inclined surfaces, how is the friction force defined?
How is the acceleration of an object on an inclined plane related to gravity?
How is the acceleration of an object on an inclined plane related to gravity?
What role does static friction play when there is no motion between surfaces?
What role does static friction play when there is no motion between surfaces?
Which equation properly represents the forces acting on an object on a slope without motion?
Which equation properly represents the forces acting on an object on a slope without motion?
What is the factor that determines the maximum static frictional force?
What is the factor that determines the maximum static frictional force?
What must be true for the object to remain at rest on an inclined plane?
What must be true for the object to remain at rest on an inclined plane?
What happens to static friction as the applied force increases?
What happens to static friction as the applied force increases?
What is the term used to describe the maximum value of static friction?
What is the term used to describe the maximum value of static friction?
When does a body start to move on an inclined plane?
When does a body start to move on an inclined plane?
What happens to the normal force (R) as the angle of the inclined plane increases?
What happens to the normal force (R) as the angle of the inclined plane increases?
What is the relationship between limiting friction and static friction?
What is the relationship between limiting friction and static friction?
What occurs to the normal force (R) once sliding begins on an inclined plane?
What occurs to the normal force (R) once sliding begins on an inclined plane?
What happens to the value of static friction before sliding starts?
What happens to the value of static friction before sliding starts?
As the angle of inclination increases, what remains constant?
As the angle of inclination increases, what remains constant?
When static friction is in effect, what can be said about the motion of the body?
When static friction is in effect, what can be said about the motion of the body?
What is the condition for static friction when a force is applied?
What is the condition for static friction when a force is applied?
What condition must be fulfilled for there to be no relative slipping between two surfaces?
What condition must be fulfilled for there to be no relative slipping between two surfaces?
Which of the following represents the relationship between mass, weight, and static friction?
Which of the following represents the relationship between mass, weight, and static friction?
What does the equation $R = N^2 + fs^2$ represent?
What does the equation $R = N^2 + fs^2$ represent?
The term $Rmax = N(1 + rac{µk^2}{g})$ implies what about the forces acting on an object?
The term $Rmax = N(1 + rac{µk^2}{g})$ implies what about the forces acting on an object?
What is the minimum mass $M_0$ necessary to prevent relative slipping?
What is the minimum mass $M_0$ necessary to prevent relative slipping?
If the normal force increases, what is the expected effect on static friction?
If the normal force increases, what is the expected effect on static friction?
What does the term $a = gtan$ indicate?
What does the term $a = gtan$ indicate?
In the equation $fs < µsN$, what do the symbols represent?
In the equation $fs < µsN$, what do the symbols represent?
What is implied when the velocity of B towards A is described as $v sin$?
What is implied when the velocity of B towards A is described as $v sin$?
What role does the angle of kinetic friction play in motion?
What role does the angle of kinetic friction play in motion?
What is required for an object to feel heavier than its actual weight?
What is required for an object to feel heavier than its actual weight?
According to Newton's Second Law, what does the net force equal?
According to Newton's Second Law, what does the net force equal?
In which case does the restoring force develop when a longitudinal force is applied?
In which case does the restoring force develop when a longitudinal force is applied?
When a body accelerates downward at a rate of 'g', what is true?
When a body accelerates downward at a rate of 'g', what is true?
What is the unit of momentum?
What is the unit of momentum?
If the net force acts on an object, how does it affect the object's motion?
If the net force acts on an object, how does it affect the object's motion?
What condition leads to the formula R = m(g - a)?
What condition leads to the formula R = m(g - a)?
What does 'P = mv' represent in physics?
What does 'P = mv' represent in physics?
What happens when acceleration 'a' is greater than 'g'?
What happens when acceleration 'a' is greater than 'g'?
What does 'Fnet' represent in the context of motion?
What does 'Fnet' represent in the context of motion?
What effect does a normal force have on an object on the ground?
What effect does a normal force have on an object on the ground?
In the scenario where R = 2mg, what can be inferred about the object's state?
In the scenario where R = 2mg, what can be inferred about the object's state?
What is the apparent weight (Wapp) when the object is stationary?
What is the apparent weight (Wapp) when the object is stationary?
What is the primary characteristic of momentum?
What is the primary characteristic of momentum?
Flashcards
Force
Force
The change in momentum over time. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.
Momentum
Momentum
The product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.
Average Force
Average Force
The change in momentum over time. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity.
Instantaneous Force
Instantaneous Force
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Inertia
Inertia
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Weight
Weight
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Normal Force
Normal Force
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Friction
Friction
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Restoring Force
Restoring Force
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Centripetal Force
Centripetal Force
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Newton's Second Law of Motion
Newton's Second Law of Motion
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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
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Acceleration due to Gravity
Acceleration due to Gravity
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Apparent Weight - Accelerated Upwards
Apparent Weight - Accelerated Upwards
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Apparent Weight - Accelerated Downwards
Apparent Weight - Accelerated Downwards
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Minimum acceleration of M for no slipping
Minimum acceleration of M for no slipping
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Minimum mass Mo for no slipping
Minimum mass Mo for no slipping
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Maximum static friction force (fs)max
Maximum static friction force (fs)max
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Coefficient of static friction (µs)
Coefficient of static friction (µs)
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Coefficient of kinetic friction (µk)
Coefficient of kinetic friction (µk)
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Kinetic friction force (fk)
Kinetic friction force (fk)
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Normal force (N)
Normal force (N)
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Resultant force (R)
Resultant force (R)
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Angle of kinetic friction (θ)
Angle of kinetic friction (θ)
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Tension force (T)
Tension force (T)
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Maximum Static Friction (fs)max
Maximum Static Friction (fs)max
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Angle of Repose
Angle of Repose
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Acceleration of a Box on an Inclined Plane (aT)
Acceleration of a Box on an Inclined Plane (aT)
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Friction Force (f)
Friction Force (f)
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Gravitational Force Down The Inclined Plane (M0g)
Gravitational Force Down The Inclined Plane (M0g)
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Acceleration (a)
Acceleration (a)
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Kinetic Friction (fk)
Kinetic Friction (fk)
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Lami's Theorem
Lami's Theorem
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Equilibrium
Equilibrium
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Friction (f)
Friction (f)
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Static Friction
Static Friction
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Limiting Friction (fs)max
Limiting Friction (fs)max
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Kinetic Friction
Kinetic Friction
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Weight (mg)
Weight (mg)
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Centripetal Force (Fc)
Centripetal Force (Fc)
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Study Notes
Inertia
- A body cannot change its state of rest or uniform motion along a straight line. This property is called inertia.
- Inertia has no unit and no dimension.
- Inertia of rest: Inability to change state of rest by itself.
- Inertia of motion: Inability of a body to change its state of uniform motion by itself.
- Inertia of direction: Inability of a body to change direction of motion by itself.
Newton's Third Law
- To every action, there is always an equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction) reaction.
- Forces in nature always occur in pairs.
- A single isolated force is not possible.
- Action and reaction never act on the same body.
Inclined Forces
- If Fsine > Mg, the block accelerates horizontally.
- If Fsine < Mg, the block remains in contact with the ground.
- If Fsine = Mg, the block just leaves contact with the ground and begins to accelerate obliquely.
Motion of Connected Bodies
- Pulley-block system with M₁ > M₂
- Ideal pulley: Tension (T) is the same everywhere.
- Equation for acceleration (a) in a pulley system with M₁ and M₂: a = (M₁ - M₂)/ (M₁ + M₂) g.
- Equations for tension (T): T = 2M₁M₂g/(M₁ + M₂).
Lift Problems
- Apparent weight of body in a lift
- Reaction force exerted by a weighing machine, readings.
- Cases of lift at rest, moving with constant velocity, accelerating upward(a), accelerating downward (a).
Liquid Jets
- Jet stopped at wall, v=0, Fwall = pAu²
- When jet bounces back, F = -2 pAu². -ve
- Oblique jet, Fwall = 2pAu²cosθ, +ve
Motion of Blocks Connected by Massless String
- Tension is same everywhere and is a restoring force for elongation.
- Tension acts away from the object.
- Tension will be different at different points, when the rope is thick.
Laws of Motion
- Impulse = Change in momentum. I = P - P or I = ∫F dt
- Impulsive force: Large force acting for a short time.
- Average impulsive force: Impulse/Time.
Relative Slipping
- Minimum force needed to push an incline such that a mass does not slip.
- Conditions for slipping to not occur
- Minimum acceleration of one mass (M) to prevent another mass (m) from slipping relative to it.
Angle of Friction
- Angle (θ) between resultant force (R) and normal (N) when an object is on an incline or other surface.
- Related to coefficient of friction (μ).
Friction
- Static friction: Self-adjusting force, opposes motion but not necessarily equal to the applied force.
- Kinetic friction: Opposes motion when surfaces are slipping over each other.
- Angle of repose: Angle of incline at which a block is about to slip.
- Normal reaction (N): Force perpendicular to the surface.
Equilibrium & Lami's Theorem
- Parallelogram law for forces in equilibrium. Forces acting at a point in equilibrium can be represented by vectors that form closed triangle, when drawn tip-to-tail.
Impulse
- Impulse = Change in momentum.
- Impulse is calculated as integral of an applied force over a time interval.
- It is a vector quantity.
Frame of Reference & Pseudo Force
- Inertial frame: Rest or constant velocity.
- Non-inertial frame: Accelerated frame.
- Pseudo force = -ma.
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