Physics Chapter on Quantum Mechanics
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Questions and Answers

What is the wavelength in meters of radio waves used for cellular signals at a frequency of 850 MHz?

  • 0.412 m
  • 0.738 m
  • 0.567 m
  • 0.353 m (correct)

    • What does Planck's equation, E = hν, represent?

  • The relationship between mass and energy
  • The relationship between temperature and energy
  • The relationship between energy and frequency (correct)
  • The relationship between wavelength and frequency

    • What happens when electrons return to their normal energy level?

  • They become heavier
  • They freeze
  • They emit a photon of EM radiation (correct)
  • They absorb energy

    • Why do heated materials emit light according to Planck's postulate?

    <p>Because their atoms vibrate at high frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of line spectra emitted by elements?

    <p>They show intense lines at certain wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the photoelectric effect to occur?

    <p>A specific threshold frequency of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is quantization of energy hard to notice on a macroscopic scale?

    <p>Because the value of h is very small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of heating a sample of an element?

    <p>It emits electromagnetic radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the transition of an electron from n = 4 to n = 6 signify?

    <p>The electron is in an excited state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a photon has entered the system during the electron transition?

    <p>The energy difference is positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which energy state is the electron before moving to the n = 6 orbit?

    <p>n = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is associated with the transition of an electron from n = 4 to n = 6?

    <p>Ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the nature of the photon during the electron transition?

    <p>It is absorbed by the electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the energy difference between the orbits is represented as ΔE, what can be inferred if ΔE is equal to zero?

    <p>The electron remains in the same orbit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship does the quantum number n have with the energy of the electron?

    <p>Higher values of n correspond to higher energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the electron's movement during the transition is true?

    <p>It requires energy absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the f subshell?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Aufbau Principle, how should electrons be filled into orbitals?

    <p>From the lowest energy on up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hund’s rule state regarding the arrangement of electrons in orbitals?

    <p>All electrons must occupy different orbitals before pairing occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full electron configuration of sulfur (S)?

    <p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy level has the highest total number of electrons that can be held?

    <p>Energy level 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many orbitals are present in the d subshell?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrons are referred to as valence electrons?

    <p>Electrons in the outermost shell (highest value of n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the different energies of orbitals in different subshells?

    <p>They dictate the filling order of the orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does oxygen have a lower first ionization energy compared to nitrogen?

    <p>Oxygen has paired electrons causing repulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is observed in successive ionization energies for elements?

    <p>They increase with each successive removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the frequency of a wave as its wavelength increases?

    <p>The frequency decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the stage of large increase in successive ionization energy?

    <p>Core electrons are being removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the electron affinity (EA) of an element influence its ability to accept an electron?

    <p>Higher EA indicates an easier acceptance of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum?

    <p>$3.0 × 10^8$ m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about wavelength and frequency is true?

    <p>Long wavelengths correspond to low frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes endothermic from exothermic processes in electron affinity?

    <p>Endothermic processes require energy for electron attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements likely has the lowest first ionization energy based on trends?

    <p>Calcium (Ca)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the amplitude of a wave?

    <p>One-half the height of the wave from peak to trough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the ionization energy of a cation compared to a neutral atom?

    <p>It is more difficult to remove an electron from a cation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general effect of increasing positive charge on ionization energy?

    <p>It increases the ionization energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the various colors of visible light?

    <p>Each color has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the product of a wave’s wavelength and frequency equal?

    <p>Speed of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way does the electromagnetic spectrum represent different types of EM radiation?

    <p>By increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of light given off by a sodium streetlight in meters?

    <p>589 x $10^{-9}$ m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula is used to calculate frequency from wavelength?

    <p>ν = c / λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is commonly used to express the frequency of radio waves?

    <p>Hertz (Hz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In determining the frequency of radiation, what must be done first with the wavelength?

    <p>Convert it to meters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the speed of light is approximately $3 x 10^8$ m/s, what is the frequency of light with a wavelength of 589 nm?

    <p>5.10 x $10^{14}$ Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of the cellular signal that operates at 850 MHz in Hertz?

    <p>850 x $10^{6}$ Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light commonly represented as in scientific calculations?

    <p>3.00 x $10^8$ m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of knowing the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>To understand communication technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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