Physics Chapter on Quantities and Vectors

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Questions and Answers

What is the vertical component of the force, given the options?

7.07 N (correct)
10 N
5 N
8 N

What is the exact speed of light as defined in physics?

2.99 × 10⁸ m/s
299,792 km/s
300,000 km/s
3.00 × 10⁸ m/s (correct)

If vector A has a magnitude of 15 units and vector B has a magnitude of 10 units in opposite directions, what is the magnitude of their resultant vector?

5 units (correct)
25 units
1 unit
10 units

How is a 'model' typically described in physics?

An idealized version of a system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance traveled by light in one second in a vacuum, approximately?

3 × 10⁸ meters (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for frequency if the unit for time is the second?

Hertz (Hz) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following quantities is classified as a vector?

Velocity (D) Signup and view all the answers

In physics, which of the following best describes a simplified version of a physical theory?

An idealized version of a system (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes vector equality?

Two vectors are equal if they have the same magnitude and direction (B) Signup and view all the answers

When is the Pythagorean theorem applicable for vector magnitudes?

When the vectors are perpendicular (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of multiplying a vector by a positive scalar?

A vector with the same direction and increased magnitude (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnitude of the vector sum of a 3-unit vector and a 4-unit vector that are perpendicular?

5 units (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a vector has an x-component of 8 units and a y-component of 6 units, what is its magnitude?

10 units (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if two vectors are antiparallel?

They have different magnitudes but point in opposite directions (C) Signup and view all the answers

How will the magnitude of a vector change if a negative scalar is applied?

The direction will reverse and the magnitude will remain unchanged (C) Signup and view all the answers

When adding two vectors that are not perpendicular, what must be considered?

Both their magnitudes and angles relative to one another (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cross product of two parallel vectors?

Zero (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a vector quantity from a scalar quantity?

Magnitude and direction (C) Signup and view all the answers

In SI units, how is one newton defined?

1 kg·m/s² (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the work done when a force of 100 N moves an object 5 meters?

500 J (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration of an object that accelerates from 5 m/s to 15 m/s in 2 seconds?

5 m/s² (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix in the metric system means 1,000,000?

Mega (C) Signup and view all the answers

If two vectors of magnitude 10 N and 20 N are added to yield a resultant of 25 N, what is the angle between them?

0° (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which quantity is dimensionally the same as energy?

Power (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the horizontal component of a force of 10 N acting at an angle of 30° above the horizontal?

8.66 N (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental physical quantity?

Watt (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for time?

Second (C) Signup and view all the answers

The kilogram is defined as the unit of mass based on which reference?

A cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average speed of a car that travels 60 km in 2 hours?

30 km/h (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct unit for energy in the SI system?

Joule (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a force of 10 N is acting downward at an angle of 30°, what is the vertical component of the force?

8.66 N (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following quantities is derived from the basic units of mass, length, and time?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration of a particle moving with a velocity of 20 m/s if it comes to a stop in 4 seconds?

-5 m/s² (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the area of a parallelogram related to the cross product?

The area is equal to the magnitude of the cross product. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnitude of the resultant vector when two vectors of magnitudes 7 N and 24 N are added at right angles?

25 N (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the magnitude of a vector based on its components?

v = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2} (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the triple product in vector mathematics?

It calculates the volume of a parallelepiped. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a force is applied resulting in torque, which equation properly relates torque and force?

Torque = Distance × Force × sin(θ) (D) Signup and view all the answers

When does the angular momentum of a particle change?

When there is a net torque acting on the particle. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding vector addition at right angles is true?

The resultant is always greater than the largest vector. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fundamental Physical Quantities

Force is not a fundamental physical quantity, mass, length, and temperature are.
The SI unit for time is the second.

Units

The kilogram is the unit of mass based on a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy.
The Joule is the SI unit for energy.

Vectors

Two vectors are equal if they have the same magnitude and direction.
The Pythagorean theorem is used to find the magnitude of a resultant vector when the vectors are perpendicular.
The result of multiplying a vector by a positive scalar is a vector with the same direction and increased magnitude.
Velocity is a vector quantity, while mass, energy, and temperature are scalar quantities.
The distance traveled by light in a vacuum in one second is approximately 3 × 10⁸ meters.
The SI unit for frequency is hertz (Hz).
A vector quantity differs from a scalar quantity because it includes both magnitude and direction.
The prefix mega means 1,000,000.

Forces

One newton is equal to 1 kg·m/s².
The work done on an object is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance it moves.

Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time.

Dot Product

The dot product of two vectors is a scalar quantity equal to the product of their magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them.
The cross product can be used to find the area of a parallelogram, the torque exerted by a force, and the angular momentum of a particle.

Formulas

The horizontal component of a vector is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the vector by the cosine of the angle it makes with the horizontal.
The vertical component of a vector is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the vector by the sine of the angle it makes with the horizontal.
The magnitude of a vector is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem: v = sqrt(v_x^2 + v_y^2).

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental physical quantities, units, and vectors in physics. It includes topics like SI units, the distinction between vector and scalar quantities, and applies the Pythagorean theorem to vectors. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in physics.