Physics Chapter on Motion and Forces

The change in position of an object from its starting point, taking direction into account.

The total length traveled by an object from its starting point, without considering direction.

The rate at which an object moves, regardless of its direction.

The rate at which an object moves, including both speed and direction.

The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

The total displacement divided by the total time taken.

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

A quantity that only has magnitude.

The rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. It can be positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down).

The change in velocity divided by the time it takes to occur.

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.

A force that causes an object to accelerate. It's directly proportional to the mass and acceleration of the object.

The product of an object's mass and velocity. It's a measure of an object's motion.

Describes motion along a straight line. It's the simplest type of motion.

An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant speed and direction, unless acted upon by a net external force.

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means the forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Force that pulls an object towards the center of a circular path, causing it to move in a circle.

In circular motion an object moving in a circle will fly off in a straight line tangent to the circle if the force holding it in the circle is removed.

The rate at which an object rotates, measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

The distance from the center of a circular path to the object moving in the circle.

Force that appears to push an object outward from the center of a circular path, but is actually the result of inertia.

Rotating components must be designed to withstand high centrifugal forces and must be balanced properly to avoid excessive vibration.

A grinding wheel can be dangerous if it spins at a speed exceeding its maximum RPM. Centrifugal forces can cause the wheel to break apart.

The maximum distance an object in simple harmonic motion moves from its equilibrium position.

The time it takes for an object in simple harmonic motion to complete one full cycle.

The number of cycles an object in simple harmonic motion completes per second.

A force that opposes motion and causes oscillations to decrease in amplitude over time.

The natural frequency at which an object will oscillate when disturbed without any external forces.

A type of motion where an object oscillates back and forth around an equilibrium position with a restoring force proportional to the displacement.

A law stating that the restoring force of a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position.

The motion of an object in a circular path. The object's speed may be constant, but its velocity is always changing due to the continuous change in direction.

A type of motion that repeats itself over a certain period of time.

The ability of an object to return to its original shape after being deformed.

An orbit where a satellite remains above the same point on Earth due to its orbital speed matching Earth's rotation.

The force of attraction between two objects with mass, and is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The motion of a body around a central point, like a planet orbiting a star.

The time it takes for a complete cycle of oscillation, usually measured in seconds.

The natural frequency of an object is the frequency at which it vibrates naturally when disturbed. If two objects have the same natural frequency and are connected, one vibrating object can transfer its energy to the other, causing it to vibrate too. This is called resonance.

The frequency at which an object vibrates naturally, when disturbed. A tuning fork will vibrate at its natural frequency, producing a predictable sound.

Vibrations are high-frequency, regular movements. Atoms and molecules usually vibrate unless cooled to absolute zero. These vibrations can be caused by engines, turbulence, or worn components in aircraft and other machinery.

Vibrations that are multiples of the original natural frequency of an object. For example, when a guitar string is plucked, it vibrates at its fundamental frequency, but it also vibrates at harmonics, which are multiples of that frequency.

When vibrations cause damage to a structure or component due to repeated stress. It's a common cause of failure in aircraft and other structures.