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Questions and Answers
Which phenomenon involves light 'bouncing' off surfaces?
Which phenomenon involves light 'bouncing' off surfaces?
- Refraction
- Interference
- Diffraction
- Reflection (correct)
What does the angle of incidence equal according to the laws of reflection?
What does the angle of incidence equal according to the laws of reflection?
- Angle of diffraction
- Angle of polarization
- Angle of reflection (correct)
- Angle of refraction
What shape is formed by the reflecting surface of a concave mirror?
What shape is formed by the reflecting surface of a concave mirror?
- Bulges out
- Caves in (correct)
- Spiral
- Flat
In a convex mirror, incident rays heading for the center of curvature are reflected in which manner?
In a convex mirror, incident rays heading for the center of curvature are reflected in which manner?
Which point in the mirror diagram represents the focal point of the mirror?
Which point in the mirror diagram represents the focal point of the mirror?
When incident rays travel parallel to the principal axis in a concave mirror, they are reflected back through which point?
When incident rays travel parallel to the principal axis in a concave mirror, they are reflected back through which point?
Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon exhibited by light?
Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon exhibited by light?
What term describes the distance between the pole and the focus of a mirror?
What term describes the distance between the pole and the focus of a mirror?
What is the principal axis in relation to a spherical mirror?
What is the principal axis in relation to a spherical mirror?
Which phenomenon describes light beams spreading out after passing through a narrow slit?
Which phenomenon describes light beams spreading out after passing through a narrow slit?
Describe the main difference between concave and convex mirrors.
Describe the main difference between concave and convex mirrors.
What happens to incident rays that pass through the focus of a concave mirror?
What happens to incident rays that pass through the focus of a concave mirror?
Explain the significance of the center of curvature in spherical mirrors.
Explain the significance of the center of curvature in spherical mirrors.
What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection in light reflection?
What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection in light reflection?
In a convex mirror, how do incident rays that travel parallel to the principal axis behave?
In a convex mirror, how do incident rays that travel parallel to the principal axis behave?
What does the term 'focal length' refer to in the context of mirrors?
What does the term 'focal length' refer to in the context of mirrors?
How does diffraction relate to the behavior of light waves?
How does diffraction relate to the behavior of light waves?
What phenomenon occurs when light waves overlap and combine?
What phenomenon occurs when light waves overlap and combine?
Why is the normal line important in the laws of reflection?
Why is the normal line important in the laws of reflection?
Describe how polarization affects light waves.
Describe how polarization affects light waves.
What is the correct relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?
What is the correct relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?
Which description correctly refers to the behavior of light rays in a convex mirror?
Which description correctly refers to the behavior of light rays in a convex mirror?
What occurs when incident rays pass through the focal point of a concave mirror?
What occurs when incident rays pass through the focal point of a concave mirror?
Which statement correctly defines the focal length of a mirror?
Which statement correctly defines the focal length of a mirror?
What distance does the term 'principal axis' refer to in relation to spherical mirrors?
What distance does the term 'principal axis' refer to in relation to spherical mirrors?
Which phenomenon describes the bending and spreading of light waves as they pass through a narrow slit?
Which phenomenon describes the bending and spreading of light waves as they pass through a narrow slit?
In which direction are incident rays reflected when they travel parallel to the principal axis in a concave mirror?
In which direction are incident rays reflected when they travel parallel to the principal axis in a concave mirror?
What type of mirror has a reflecting surface that bulges outward?
What type of mirror has a reflecting surface that bulges outward?
Which of the following statements about reflection is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about reflection is NOT true?
What is the effect of polarization on light waves?
What is the effect of polarization on light waves?
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Study Notes
Light and Wave Phenomena
- Light is a form of energy that travels as electromagnetic waves.
- Exhibits five wave phenomena: reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and polarization.
Reflection of Light
- Reflection involves light bouncing off surfaces.
- First Law: The incident ray, normal, and the reflected ray lie in the same plane.
- Second Law: The angle of incidence (i) equals the angle of reflection (r).
Types of Spherical Mirrors
- Two types: concave mirrors (caved in) and convex mirrors (bulged out).
- Centre of curvature (C) is the point representing the spherical surface, while focal point (F) is halfway between C and the pole (P).
- The principal axis runs through the pole, focus, and centre of curvature.
- Focal length is the distance from the pole to the focus.
Behavior of Light in Concave Mirrors
- Parallel incident rays reflect through the focus (F).
- Rays passing through focus are reflected parallel to the principal axis.
- Rays passing through the centre of curvature reflect back along their own path.
Image Formation by Concave Mirrors
- Object beyond C: Image is between C and F, real, inverted, and diminished.
- Object at C: Image is at C, real, inverted, and same size as the object.
- Object between C and F: Image is between C and F, real, inverted, and diminished.
- Object at F: Image appears at infinity.
- Object inside F: Image is behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and magnified.
Behavior of Light in Convex Mirrors
- Parallel incident rays reflect and appear to come from the focal point.
- Rays aimed at the centre of curvature reflect back along their original path.
- Image formed by convex mirrors is always behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and diminished.
Focal Length of Concave Mirrors
- Focal length (f) can be calculated using a specific formula.
- Sign convention: In front of the mirror is positive, meaning:
- f > 0 for concave mirrors
- v > 0 for real images
Light and Wave Phenomena
- Light is a form of energy that travels as electromagnetic waves.
- Exhibits five wave phenomena: reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and polarization.
Reflection of Light
- Reflection involves light bouncing off surfaces.
- First Law: The incident ray, normal, and the reflected ray lie in the same plane.
- Second Law: The angle of incidence (i) equals the angle of reflection (r).
Types of Spherical Mirrors
- Two types: concave mirrors (caved in) and convex mirrors (bulged out).
- Centre of curvature (C) is the point representing the spherical surface, while focal point (F) is halfway between C and the pole (P).
- The principal axis runs through the pole, focus, and centre of curvature.
- Focal length is the distance from the pole to the focus.
Behavior of Light in Concave Mirrors
- Parallel incident rays reflect through the focus (F).
- Rays passing through focus are reflected parallel to the principal axis.
- Rays passing through the centre of curvature reflect back along their own path.
Image Formation by Concave Mirrors
- Object beyond C: Image is between C and F, real, inverted, and diminished.
- Object at C: Image is at C, real, inverted, and same size as the object.
- Object between C and F: Image is between C and F, real, inverted, and diminished.
- Object at F: Image appears at infinity.
- Object inside F: Image is behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and magnified.
Behavior of Light in Convex Mirrors
- Parallel incident rays reflect and appear to come from the focal point.
- Rays aimed at the centre of curvature reflect back along their original path.
- Image formed by convex mirrors is always behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and diminished.
Focal Length of Concave Mirrors
- Focal length (f) can be calculated using a specific formula.
- Sign convention: In front of the mirror is positive, meaning:
- f > 0 for concave mirrors
- v > 0 for real images
Light and Wave Phenomena
- Light is a form of energy that travels as electromagnetic waves.
- Exhibits five wave phenomena: reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and polarization.
Reflection of Light
- Reflection involves light bouncing off surfaces.
- First Law: The incident ray, normal, and the reflected ray lie in the same plane.
- Second Law: The angle of incidence (i) equals the angle of reflection (r).
Types of Spherical Mirrors
- Two types: concave mirrors (caved in) and convex mirrors (bulged out).
- Centre of curvature (C) is the point representing the spherical surface, while focal point (F) is halfway between C and the pole (P).
- The principal axis runs through the pole, focus, and centre of curvature.
- Focal length is the distance from the pole to the focus.
Behavior of Light in Concave Mirrors
- Parallel incident rays reflect through the focus (F).
- Rays passing through focus are reflected parallel to the principal axis.
- Rays passing through the centre of curvature reflect back along their own path.
Image Formation by Concave Mirrors
- Object beyond C: Image is between C and F, real, inverted, and diminished.
- Object at C: Image is at C, real, inverted, and same size as the object.
- Object between C and F: Image is between C and F, real, inverted, and diminished.
- Object at F: Image appears at infinity.
- Object inside F: Image is behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and magnified.
Behavior of Light in Convex Mirrors
- Parallel incident rays reflect and appear to come from the focal point.
- Rays aimed at the centre of curvature reflect back along their original path.
- Image formed by convex mirrors is always behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and diminished.
Focal Length of Concave Mirrors
- Focal length (f) can be calculated using a specific formula.
- Sign convention: In front of the mirror is positive, meaning:
- f > 0 for concave mirrors
- v > 0 for real images
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