Physics Chapter on Density and Fluid Dynamics

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Questions and Answers

What type of wave is produced by an elastic spring that is stretched and released?

Transverse wave

Longitudinal wave (correct)

Electromagnetic wave

None of the above

What is the name of the physical property that determines the loudness of a sound?

Amplitude (correct)

Wavelength

Velocity

Frequency

Which of the following is an example of energy transmission by a wave?

Light shining on a surface

Heat transfer by convection

Sound vibrating through a medium (correct)

All of the above

What is the phenomenon of bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different optical density called?

Refraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a property of polarized light?

Its oscillations are in a single plane. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the phenomenon of splitting of white light into its component colors called?

Dispersion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lens is used to correct nearsightedness?

Concave lens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of interference where two waves of equal amplitude and frequency cancel each other out?

Destructive interference Signup and view all the answers

How much of an iceberg is submerged below the water given the density of ice is 917 kg/m^3 and the density of water is 1000 kg/m^3?

91.7% Signup and view all the answers

What is the increase in pressure on a scuba diver going from the surface to a depth of 20 meters?

2 atm Signup and view all the answers

Given a U-shaped tube with a water column of height 10 cm and oil of specific gravity 0.8, what is the height of the oil column?

12.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

Barometer Signup and view all the answers

According to Pascal's principle, what happens to pressure in a fluid when an external pressure is applied?

The pressure in the fluid increases. Signup and view all the answers

Why does a boat float in water?

Because the boat is less dense than the water it displaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the velocity of a fluid and its pressure, according to Bernoulli's principle?

As the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of laminar flow?

Water flowing out of a faucet in a straight, steady stream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a cube of ice with a volume of $2^3$ cm³ and a density of 0.92 g/cm³?

7.36 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of a metal block with a volume of 500 cm³ and a mass of 8 kg?

16 g/cm³ Signup and view all the answers

If a liquid has a specific gravity of 0.8, what is its density in g/cm³?

0.80 g/cm³ Signup and view all the answers

At the most narrow section of a horizontal tube, what happens to the velocity and pressure of water?

Velocity is maximum and pressure minimum Signup and view all the answers

When a force of 100 N is applied to a small piston in a hydraulic lift, what force is exerted by the large piston with a diameter of 10 cm?

2500 N Signup and view all the answers

Which term correctly describes gases in relation to fluids?

Compressible Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of water flowing out of a hole at 20cm depth in a tank with 1 meter of water?

3.57 m/s Signup and view all the answers

According to principles of pressure, what happens with the increase in the weight of an object?

Increase Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the law of reflection?

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction. Signup and view all the answers

According to the inverse square law, what happens to illumination as distance increases?

Illumination decreases as the square of the distance increases. Signup and view all the answers

When light passes through a medium and changes direction, this phenomenon is known as what?

Refraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the dispersion of light?

The splitting of light into different colors. Signup and view all the answers

Interference of light occurs when:

Two or more waves of light meet and interact. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of polarized light?

Light through polarized sunglasses. Signup and view all the answers

What type of lens is thicker at the center than at the edges?

Convex lens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the height of the image formed by a bi-convex lens when an object of height 5 cm is placed 25 cm in front of it with a focal length of 10 cm?

12.5 cm. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the stochastic effect of radiation exposure?

Effects that occur randomly and have a probability of occurrence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a deterministic effect of radiation exposure?

Cataracts Signup and view all the answers

Why is it dangerous to undergo an X-ray when pregnant?

The radiation exposure can cause stochastic effects on the fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most sensitive to radiation?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE)?

The measure of how much damage a particular type of radiation does to living tissue compared to X-rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the safe radiation dose for an individual?

The safe radiation dose depends on the individual and the circumstances of exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a radiation protection principle?

Exposure Signup and view all the answers

An atom has an atomic number of 14 and a mass number of 28. How many neutrons does this atom have?

14 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Density & Mass

A cube of ice measuring 2 cm on each side has a density of 0.92 g/cm³. The mass of the ice cube is 7.36 g.
A metal block has a volume of 500 cm³ and a mass of 8 kg The density of the metal is 16 g/cm³.
A liquid with a specific gravity of 0.8 has a density of 0.80 g/cm³.

Fluid Dynamics

Water flowing through a horizontal tube with an unequal area of cross-section, at the most narrow place: velocity of water is maximum and pressure minimum.
A hydraulic lift with a small piston of 2 cm diameter and a large piston of 10 cm diameter, a force of 100 N applied to the small piston results in 2500 N exerted by the large piston.
Gases are compressible fluids.
A tank containing water 1 meter high with a leak hole 20 cm from the bottom. The speed of water coming out of the hole is 4.00 m/s.
Pressure increases with the increase in the weight of an object.

Archimedes' Principle & Buoyancy

Archimedes' principle states: Buoyant force is the weight of the volume of water displaced by an immersed object.
An iceberg is submerged to 91.7% below the water if the density of ice is 917 kg/m^3 and the density of water is 100 kg/m^3.

Pressure

A scuba diver at a depth of 20 meters experiences an increase in pressure due to water of 2 atm.
In a U-shaped tube containing water and oil (specific gravity 0.8), if the water column height is 10 cm, the oil column height is 12.5 cm.
Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer.

Pascal's Principle & Bernoulli’s Principle

Pascal's principle states: When an external pressure is applied to a fluid, the pressure in the fluid increases equally throughout.
A boat floats in water because the boat is less dense than the water it displaces.
Bernoulli's principle states: As the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases.

Fluid Flow

Laminar flow is characterized by smooth, straight, and steady flow.
Torricelli's Theorem states: The speed of a fluid flowing out of an opening in a container is equal to the square root of twice the product of the acceleration due to gravity and the height of the fluid above the opening.

Wave Properties

An elastic spring stretched and released produces a longitudinal wave.
The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness.
Energy transmission by waves examples: light shining on a surface, heat transfer by convection, and sound vibrating through a medium.

Light & Optics

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different optical density is called refraction.
Polarized light oscillates in a single plane.
The splitting of white light into its component colors is called dispersion.
A concave lens is used to correct nearsightedness.
The wavelength and frequency of light are inversely proportional.
For a telescope, the larger the diameter of the objective lens, the greater the resolving power.
Destructive interference occurs when two waves of equal amplitude and frequency cancel each other out.
The Doppler effect describes the change in the frequency of a wave as the source or the observer moves.
The inverse square law states: Illumination decreases as the square of the distance increases.

Lenses & Images

A convex lens is thicker at the center than at the edges.
An object of height 5 cm placed 25 cm in front of a bi-convex lens with a focal length of 10 cm produces an image 3.4 cm high.

Color

A purple cabbage is colored purple because it reflects only purple light.

Radiation

Radiation exposure can have both Stochastic and Deterministic effects
Stochastic effects of radiation exposure occur randomly and have a probability of occurrence. Examples include cancer and genetic mutations.
Deterministic effects are predictable and occur after a certain threshold dose. Examples include cataracts and skin burns.
Sensitive organs to radiation include bone marrow, liver, lungs, and kidneys.
RBE (Relative Biologic Effectiveness) measures the damage a particular type of radiation does to living tissue compared to X-rays.
There is no safe radiation dose.
Radiation protection principles include Time, Distance, and Shielding.

Atoms

An atom with an atomic number of 14 and a mass number of 28 has 14 neutrons (mass number - atomic number = number of neutrons).

Radioactive Decay

A radioactive material with a half-life of 10 days means that half of the material will decay in 10 days.

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Description

This quiz explores fundamental concepts in physics related to density, mass, and fluid dynamics. It covers Archimedes' principle, hydraulic systems, and the behavior of fluids under various conditions. Test your understanding of how these principles apply to real-world scenarios.