Density Calculations and Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for the compound formed from the reaction between sodium and sulfur?

  • Na4S
  • NaS2
  • NaS
  • Na2S (correct)

What is the chemical name of Na2S?

  • Sodium sulfite
  • Sodium sulfide (correct)
  • Sodium sulfate
  • Sodium bisulfide

Which of the following molecular shapes corresponds to the Lewis structure for H2O?

  • Bent (correct)
  • Linear
  • Tetrahedral
  • Trigonal pyramidal

In which molecule does carbon exhibit a trigonal planar shape?

<p>H2CO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many total valence electrons are present in the molecule CS2?

<p>16 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is considered polar?

<p>H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape does the Lewis structure of CH4 predict?

<p>Tetrahedral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lone pairs are on the central atom in the Lewis structure of PH3?

<p>0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of a substance with 9.95g and 10.00 ml when calculated using its mass and volume?

<p>0.995 g/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reasoning behind the prediction that Substance C is most likely water?

<p>It has a density closest to 1.00 g/mL. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of radioactive decay is potassium-42 most likely to undergo?

<p>Beta decay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the mass number of potassium-42?

<p>It is greater than the average atomic mass of potassium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the claim regarding Substance C, what density value indicates it is most likely water?

<p>0.995 g/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What decay process is predicted for uranium-238 due to its mass number being greater than 82?

<p>Alpha decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of showing work in the density calculations?

<p>It helps in obtaining partial credit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the scientific method does the 'reasoning' in the claim, evidence, reasoning format represent?

<p>The conclusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element undergoes electron capture because its mass number is lower than its average atomic mass?

<p>Magnesium-20 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of a 400 g sample of phosphorus-32 will remain after 71.5 days given its half-life is 14.3 days?

<p>100 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of the isotope mentioned in the graph?

<p>1 minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rule is NOT part of good graphing practices?

<p>Graph uses only colors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct full electron configuration for palladium (Z = 46)?

<p>1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these accurately describes the mass behavior of an element with too many neutrons?

<p>It will undergo beta decay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviated electron configuration for lead (Z = 82)?

<p>[Xe]6s24f146p2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula N2O5?

<p>Dinitrogen pentoxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for cobalt(II) hydrogen carbonate?

<p>Co(HCO3)2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is an acid?

<p>HNO3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula Ba(OH)2?

<p>Barium hydroxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for ammonium chromate?

<p>(NH4)2CrO4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when sodium and sulfur react?

<p>Ionic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the compound formed when sodium and sulfur react?

<p>Na2S (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction between sodium and sulfur results in the formation of which of the following?

<p>A solid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. This sharing allows each atom to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually resembling a noble gas.

Ionic bond

A chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions.

Lewis dot structures

A model that represents the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, showing the bonds between them and the lone pairs of electrons.

Molecular Shape

The shape of a molecule determined by the arrangement of atoms and lone pairs around the central atom. Examples include linear, bent, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, and trigonal planar, among others.

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Polar Molecule

A molecule with a separation of charge, resulting in a positive and negative end.

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Nonpolar Molecule

A molecule with no separation of charge, resulting in a neutral molecule.

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Total Valence Electrons

The total number of valence electrons in a molecule is the sum of the valence electrons of all the atoms present.

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Octet Rule

The process of filling the outer shell of an atom with eight electrons to achieve stability, similar to the electronic configuration of a noble gas.

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Density

A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume.

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Radioactive Decay

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.

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Beta Decay

A type of radioactive decay where a neutron in the nucleus decays into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. The proton stays in the nucleus, increasing the atomic number by one.

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Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Average Atomic Mass

The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity.

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Isotope

A form of an element that has a different number of neutrons than other forms of the same element.

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Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER)

The process of using evidence to support a claim and explain why that evidence supports the claim.

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Ionic Bonding

A chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. The resulting ions are held together by electrostatic attraction.

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Empirical Formula

A chemical formula that represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in an ionic compound.

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Ionic Nomenclature

A method for naming ionic compounds, where the name of the cation (metal) is followed by the name of the anion (non-metal).

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Molecular Compound

A compound formed from two or more non-metals, sharing electrons to form covalent bonds.

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Molecular Nomenclature

The process of naming molecular compounds using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule. For example, the prefix di indicates two.

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Binary Acid

An acid that contains hydrogen and one other element, forming a binary acid. Usually named with the prefix hydro-

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Oxoacid

An acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other non-metal. It's an oxoacid and usually named with a -ic ending.

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Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

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Alpha decay

An unstable atom with an atomic number greater than 82 will release an alpha particle to become more stable. The alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

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Electron Capture

An unstable atom with a mass number less than its average atomic mass will undergo electron capture. An electron is captured by the nucleus, forming a neutron which decreases the atomic number by 1.

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Half-life

The time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay into a stable form.

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What is the independent variable in a radioisotope decay graph?

The independent variable is the factor that is being changed or manipulated in an experiment. In this case, it is the 'time' taken for the decay. The unit for time here is Minutes.

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What is the dependent variable in a radioisotope decay graph?

The dependent variable is the factor that is being measured or observed, changing in response to the independent variable. Here, it is the 'mass remaining' of the radioactive substance. The unit for mass is mg.

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What are the rules of good graphing?

A set of rules that ensure a graph is well-organized and easy to understand. They include a descriptive title, labeled axes with units, appropriate scaling of axes, clear data points, and appropriate use of colors. This helps to clearly present the information and make it easier for the reader to understand the findings.

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Study Notes

Free Response Practice Problems - Key Concepts

  • Full Credit Requirements: Show all work (formula, calculations, units), round answers to correct significant figures, and box the final answer.

  • Partial Credit: Attempt all questions; partial credit is awarded for partial solutions.

  • Study Tips: Write down hints for each question as you work through them, use learning targets to guide your study and review videos.

Density Calculations

  • Formula: Density (D) = Mass (m) / Volume (V)

  • Units: Crucial to show units throughout calculations (e.g., grams for mass, milliliters for volume) and include the correct unit in final answer.

  • Significant Figures: Round answers to correct significant figures.

  • Example Calculations: Provided tables show how to calculate density, given mass and volume of substances A, B, and C. Substance C has a density closest to water density of 1.00 g/mL, suggesting it's likely water.

Radioactive Decay Prediction

  • Unstable Isotopes: All isotopes in the problem are unstable and will undergo radioactive decay.

  • Decay Type Prediction: The student must predict the type of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, electron capture) based on the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus. If the mass number is greater than the average atomic mass, there are too many neutrons and beta decay will likely occur. If the mass number is lower than the average atomic mass, there are too many protons and electron capture will likely occur, if the atomic number is significantly above 82, alpha decay is probable..

  • Balanced Nuclear Equations: Students must show a balanced nuclear equation to exemplify the decay process.

  • Reasoning: The reasoning should include a discussion of the number of neutrons and protons, and why the predicted decay mode is chosen based on the values.

Half-Life of Radioisotopes

  • Time and Mass Relationship: A table relates time (in days) with the mass (in grams) remaining over time for a sample of Phosphorus-32. This shows that the sample exponentially decreases according to the half-life of the substance.

  • Finding Remaining Mass: 71.5 days after the start is given, the amount of original mass remaining after that time will be found using information on half-life provided.

Molecular and Ionic Bonding Concepts

  • Lewis Structures / Electron Configuration: Palladium (Pd) and Lead (Pb) electron configurations and orbital diagrams are provided, as well as Lewis structures for various compounds and their properties like molecular shape and whether they're polar or nonpolar.

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Honors Chem Semester 1 Study Guide (Fall 2024-25) PDF

Description

Test your understanding of density calculations with this quiz focusing on key concepts. You'll be required to demonstrate your problem-solving skills by showing all work, utilizing correct units, and applying significant figures. Brush up on your knowledge of formulas and example calculations to excel in this practice.

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