Physics Chapter on Aircraft Speeds

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Questions and Answers

What is the speed recorded by the airspeed indicator called when it considers standard sea level density?

Equivalent airspeed (EAS) (correct)

True airspeed (TAS)

Static airspeed (SAS)

Ground speed (GS)

What does true airspeed (TAS) refer to?

Speed indicated under standard conditions

Actual speed of the aircraft through the air (correct)

Airspeed corrected for temperature

Speed of the aircraft relative to the ground

Which type of error arises from the design and manufacturing imperfections of the airspeed indicator?

Calibration Error

Instrument Error (correct)

Position Error

Density Error

Why might equivalent airspeed (EAS) be more useful than true airspeed (TAS) for handling characteristics of an aircraft?

It relates to dynamic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the reading on the airspeed indicator if the aircraft is not operating under standard sea level conditions?

It will differ from the actual speed through the air. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of position error relating to in airspeed indicators?

Static and total pressure measurement Signup and view all the answers

What correction does the calibrated airspeed correction chart account for with regard to airspeed indicators?

Instrument errors Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of air at standard sea level, which is essential for calibrating the airspeed indicator?

1.225 kg/m3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of power?

Watt (W) Signup and view all the answers

If a force of 10 N moves an object 2 meters in 5 seconds, what is the power exerted?

4 watts Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the kinetic energy of an object?

KE = ½mV^2 Signup and view all the answers

How does doubling the velocity of a mass affect its kinetic energy?

It quadruples the kinetic energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is inertia?

The resistance of a body to change its state of motion. Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton's First Law of Motion, what will happen to a body at rest?

It will stay at rest indefinitely unless acted upon by a force. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Mach number?

The aircraft True Airspeed divided by the local speed of sound. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of energy equivalent to the unit of work?

Joule (J) Signup and view all the answers

If a 1 kg mass of air is moving at 52 m/s, how much kinetic energy does it possess?

1352 joules Signup and view all the answers

How does absolute temperature affect the density of air?

It is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What does the critical Mach number signify for an aircraft?

The Mach number of the aircraft when the airflow first reaches the speed of sound. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes True Airspeed?

It is directly proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the aircraft’s critical Mach number?

The airflow becomes supersonic at some point over the aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated airspeed primarily affected by?

Aircraft configuration changes Signup and view all the answers

What determines the magnitude of errors in pitot pressure recording?

Angle of attack Signup and view all the answers

How is the compressibility error correction typically obtained?

Through experimental measurements Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated airspeed not equivalent to?

Equivalent airspeed Signup and view all the answers

What is the V1 speed of the first aircraft in knots?

65 knots Signup and view all the answers

How does doubling the speed of an aircraft affect its kinetic energy?

It is four times greater. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of speed is related to aircraft operations at low speed?

Calibrated airspeed Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for calculating momentum?

mass multiplied by velocity Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the proximity to the ground have on static pressure recordings?

It may cause under-recording of static pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported kinetic energy of an aircraft with a V1 speed of 130 knots?

4,489,000 joules Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the over-recording of airspeed at high speeds?

Mach number Signup and view all the answers

What is typically used to determine corrections for instrument and position errors in airspeed readings?

Empirical calibration curves Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes how air behaves in moving aircraft?

Dynamic Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) primarily used for?

Standardizing environmental conditions for calculations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about momentum is true?

Momentum increases when mass is increased. Signup and view all the answers

How will the kinetic energy of an aircraft change if its mass remains constant and speed is doubled?

It will quadruple. Signup and view all the answers

If an aircraft with a V1 speed of 65 knots is converted to meters per second, what is its speed?

33.5 m/s Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the effects of velocity on kinetic energy compared to mass?

Velocity affects kinetic energy more significantly than mass. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Power and Energy

Power is the rate of doing work, measured in Watts (W).
Formula for power: Power (W) = Force (N) × Distance (m) / Time (s).
Energy is measured in Joules (J), and represents the capacity to perform work.
Kinetic energy (KE) formula: KE = ½ mV², where m is mass and V is velocity.
Doubling velocity increases kinetic energy four times due to the squared relationship.

Newton's Laws and Motion

Newton's First Law: An object remains at rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Inertia defines an object's resistance to changes in motion, directly related to mass—greater mass equals greater inertia.

Airspeed Indicators

Calibrated against standard sea level density (1.225 kg/m³).
Displays "equivalent airspeed" (EAS), which is distinct from actual aircraft speed (true airspeed, TAS).
Errors can arise from instrument inaccuracies, positional effects, and compressibility at high speeds.

Errors and Corrections

Instrument Error: Minor inaccuracies due to design flaws, typically negligible.
Position Error: Variations in static and pitot pressure readings due to aircraft position and configuration changes.
Compressibility Error: At high speeds, dynamic pressure calculations must account for Mach number, which can lead to over-readings by the airspeed indicator.

V Speeds

Key calibrated airspeeds include VS (stalling speed), V1 (decision speed), VR (rotation speed), V2 (takeoff safety speed), and others.
Mach number is defined as the ratio of true airspeed to the local speed of sound.

Critical Mach Number

The critical Mach number indicates the point at which airflow around the aircraft first reaches supersonic speeds.
Important for understanding the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft at high speeds.

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Description

Explore the concepts of speed, energy, and power through questions related to aircraft speeds in this physics quiz. The quiz includes calculations involving various speeds and energy specifications. Test your understanding of the relationships between mass, velocity, and energy.