Physics Chapter: Light and Its Properties
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Questions and Answers

How tall does a mirror need to be for a person who is 6 ft tall to see their full reflection?

  • 5 ft
  • 3 ft (correct)
  • 2 ft
  • 4 ft

What does the brain do when visual information is received from a mirror?

  • Enhances the image clarity
  • Ignores the reflection
  • Stores the information permanently
  • Falsely maps the situation (correct)

If someone stands 6 meters away from a flat mirror, how far away is their virtual image?

  • 3 meters
  • 6 meters (correct)
  • 12 meters
  • 9 meters

What determines how much of yourself you can see in a mirror?

<p>The angle of incidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a virtual image formed in a mirror perceived as?

<p>A reflection that is in front of the mirror (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'P.D.' stand for in the context of light interference?

<p>Path Difference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the colors observed in thin films, such as soap bubbles?

<p>Constructive and destructive interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation $P.D. = \lambda (#)$, what does $\lambda$ represent?

<p>Wavelength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes monochromatic light?

<p>It has a single wavelength and phase relationship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at dark spots in an interference pattern?

<p>Crests and troughs cancel each other out. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the distance 'd' represent in the interference equation?

<p>Distance between two narrow slits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the path difference defined in light interference?

<p>The length of one path minus another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon leads to the creation of light spots in interference patterns?

<p>Crests overlapping with crests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to wave diffraction as the opening becomes narrower compared to the wavelength?

<p>Diffraction becomes more pronounced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Young's Double-Slit experiment primarily demonstrate?

<p>The wave nature of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fringe does constructive interference produce in the double-slit experiment?

<p>Bright fringes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the color of a red pigment when light is reflected?

<p>It reflects red and absorbs blue and green. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of waves is demonstrated through the superposition principle?

<p>Waves can increase or decrease in amplitude. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of colors is considered the subtractive primaries?

<p>Magenta, yellow, cyan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of light is used in Young's Double-Slit experiment?

<p>Monochromatic light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the sky appear blue during the day?

<p>It scatters blue light due to high frequency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from diffraction grating when light passes through it?

<p>Light is forced to diffract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the ocean to appear greenish-blue?

<p>The ocean absorbs red light and reflects blue and green. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Reflection?

<p>Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing mass have on an object's wave-particle nature?

<p>The object behaves more like a particle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the light during a sunset?

<p>The atmosphere scatters more blue light away. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between wavelength and diffraction effectiveness?

<p>Longer wavelengths diffract better. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a flat mirror specifically reflect light?

<p>By ensuring angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the normal line in relation to a mirrored surface?

<p>A line drawn perpendicularly to the mirrored surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color will a white square of paper appear when illuminated with solely blue light?

<p>Blue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the color of an object when illuminated by light that does not match its natural frequency?

<p>The object appears black (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of colors produces yellow in additive mixing?

<p>Red and green (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when materials absorb light of certain frequencies and reflect others?

<p>Selective absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three additive primary colors?

<p>Red, green, blue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of colors creates white light in additive mixing?

<p>Red, green, and blue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color will a red pigment reflect and absorb?

<p>Reflects red, absorbs blue and green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason that our eyes can differentiate a wider range of colors?

<p>The brain's ability to create colors from cone signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyan and red are classified as what type of colors?

<p>Complementary colors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When mixing pigments, what is the outcome when red, green, and blue pigments are combined?

<p>Black (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance from the mirror to the center of curvature in relation to the focal point?

<p>Twice the focal point distance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are distances considered on the light side of the mirror?

<p>Positive numbers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative magnification value indicate about the image?

<p>The image is real and upside down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a concave mirror, where will the image be when the object is closer than the focal point?

<p>Virtual image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas is used to relate object distance, image distance, and focal distance in a mirror?

<p>(1/do) + (1/di) = (1/df) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape does a concave mirror resemble when conceptualizing it in a full circle?

<p>A hemisphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to light waves when they enter a medium with a different index of refraction?

<p>They change direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convex mirrors are known for which key characteristic?

<p>They always create virtual images (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the index of refraction measure?

<p>The speed of light in a medium compared to vacuum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the location of the image when the object is further from the mirror than the focal point?

<p>The image is always real (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diffraction

The spreading of a wave as it passes through a narrow opening or around a sharp edge.

Diffraction and Size

The amount of diffraction depends on the relative sizes of the wavelength and the opening. Narrower openings produce more diffraction.

Wavelength and Diffraction

Long wavelengths diffract more, leading to fuzzier shadows.

Superposition Principle

The superposition principle states that waves can occupy the same space and their amplitudes can add or subtract, resulting in constructive or destructive interference.

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Young's Double-Slit Experiment

The interference pattern in Young's double-slit experiment proves the wave nature of light, as particles could not create such patterns.

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Constructive Interference

Bright fringes in the interference pattern represent constructive interference, where wave amplitudes add up.

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Destructive Interference

Dark fringes in the interference pattern represent destructive interference, where wave amplitudes cancel each other out.

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Wave-Particle Duality

All objects exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, but more massive objects are more particle-like.

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Reflection

The process where light bounces off a surface.

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Angle of Incidence

The angle between the incoming light ray and the normal line (perpendicular to the surface).

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Angle of Reflection

The angle between the reflected light ray and the normal line (perpendicular to the surface).

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Normal Line

A line perpendicular to the surface of a mirror, used to measure the angles of incidence and reflection.

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How Flat Mirrors Work

A flat mirror produces a virtual image that appears to be behind the mirror, located at the same distance from the mirror as the object is in front of it.

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What is 'd' in the equation (d)(y)/x?

The distance between two narrow slits in a double-slit experiment.

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What does 'x' represent in the equation (d)(y)/x?

The distance between the screen containing the two slits and the screen where the interference pattern is observed.

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What does 'y' represent in the equation (d)(y)/x ?

The distance from the center of any fringe to the center of the central bright fringe (the zero-point).

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What is Path Difference (P.D.)?

The difference in the path lengths traveled by two light waves, usually from one source to the point of observation.

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What is 'λ (Lambda)' in the equation P.D. = (λ)(#)?

The wavelength of light, typically measured in nanometers (nm).

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What does '#' represent in the equation P.D. = (λ)(#)?

This number represents how many more wavelengths one beam of light has traveled compared to the other. Each dark spot is 0.5 wavelengths off, and each light spot is a full wavelength away from the middle.

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What is laser light?

Light that is both monochromatic (single color) and coherent (waves have a consistent phase relationship).

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What is incoherent light?

Light emitted from a common lamp, where waves have no consistent phase relationship. Creates a range of colors and is not focused.

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Color perception

The color of an object depends on the frequencies of light it reflects. If an object absorbs most visible light frequencies but reflects red, it'll appear red.

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Black and white

When an object absorbs all light frequencies, it appears black. When it reflects all frequencies, it appears white.

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RGB color vision

The human eye has three types of cone cells that sense red, green, and blue light. Our brain combines these signals to perceive other colors, like yellow.

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Sunlight's color

Sunlight contains a spectrum of colors, but appears white to us because we see all colors equally well. Yellow and green light are particularly strong in sunlight, hence the 'yellow star' designation.

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Additive color mixing

Mixing colored lights is additive mixing. Red, green, and blue are the additive primary colors, and when combined, they create white.

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Subtractive color mixing

Mixing pigments, like paints, is subtractive mixing. Each pigment absorbs certain colors, so mixing them decreases the amount of reflected light, making it appear darker.

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Complementary colors

Complementary colors are pairs that, when combined, produce white light. Examples include red and cyan, green and magenta, and blue and yellow.

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Transparent objects

Objects that allow light to pass through them are transparent. Selective absorption occurs when an object absorbs specific light frequencies, affecting its color.

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Dark colors and heat

Dark colors absorb more light and convert it to heat, making them warmer than lighter colors in sunlight.

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Color under blue light

In a room illuminated with only blue light, objects will appear blue or black depending on their ability to reflect blue light.

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Mirror Image Distance

The image of a person in a plane mirror appears to be the same distance behind the mirror as the person is in front of it.

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Virtual Image Formation

The brain interprets the light rays reflected from a mirror as if they originated from behind the mirror, creating the illusion of a virtual image.

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Mirror Size & Reflection

The size of a mirror required to see your full reflection depends on your height and your distance from the mirror, not just on your height.

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Angle of Incidence & Reflection

The angle of incidence (the angle at which light strikes the mirror) is equal to the angle of reflection (the angle at which the light bounces off the mirror).

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Curved Mirrors & Distortion

Curved mirrors distort the image by bending the reflected light rays, creating a magnified or diminished image, depending on the curvature of the mirror.

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Focal Point (Concave Mirror)

A point on the principal axis of a concave mirror where parallel light rays converge after reflection.

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Center of Curvature (Concave Mirror)

The center of the sphere from which the concave mirror is a part.

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Focal Length (Concave Mirror)

The distance between the mirror and the focal point.

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Object Distance (Concave Mirror)

The distance between the mirror and the object.

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Image Distance (Concave Mirror)

The distance between the mirror and the image.

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Concave Mirror

A mirror that curves inward, reflecting light rays to a focal point.

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Magnification (Concave Mirror)

The ratio of the image height to the object height, which indicates the magnification or reduction of the image.

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Convex Mirror

A mirror curved outward, causing light rays to diverge.

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Index of Refraction

A measure of how much a medium slows down light compared to a vacuum.

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Study Notes

Light

  • Light is the only thing visible to the human eye
  • Light is both a particle and a wave
  • Light often travels in straight lines, behaving like a particle
  • Light can knock electrons out of their orbits
  • All objects either emit or reflect light

Photon

  • A photon is a massless bundle of electromagnetic energy, a particle of light
  • Photons behave like particles, not waves

Speed of Light

  • 300 million m/s (3 x 10⁸)
  • A universal constant
  • The distance light travels in a year is a light-year

Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • Ordered from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength
  • Ordered from lowest frequency to highest frequency
  • Ordered from lowest energy to highest energy per photon

Radio waves

  • Used for communication
  • Encode information
  • Travel fast

Microwaves

  • Used for communication, cooking food
  • Resonate with the electrons of water molecules, heating

Infrared

  • Detected by infrared goggles
  • Used to see warm objects

Visible Light

  • The light the human eye can see

Ultraviolet (UV) light

  • High energy

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