Physics Chapter: Electromagnetic Spectrum & Atomic Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the nature of light as described in this content?

  • Light cannot travel through a vacuum.
  • Light is a self-propagating transverse wave. (correct)
  • Light has only magnetic properties.
  • Light propagates as a longitudinal wave.

    • Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the speed of light, wavelength, and frequency?

  • $c = \lambda - \nu$
  • $c = \lambda + \nu$
  • $c = \lambda \cdot \nu$ (correct)
  • $c = \frac{\lambda}{\nu}$

    • What happens to frequency when the wavelength of light increases, given that the speed of light must remain constant?

  • Frequency decreases. (correct)
  • Frequency remains constant.
  • Frequency becomes equal to wavelength.
  • Frequency increases.

    • What measurement describes the distance between adjacent peaks in a wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes particles of light that interact with atoms?

    <p>Photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used for frequency in wave measurements?

    <p>Hertz (Hz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy of a photon related to its frequency?

    <p>Energy is directly proportional to frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about electromagnetic waves is true?

    <p>They consist of both electric and magnetic fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can our eyes detect?

    <p>Visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the behavior of radio waves in a vacuum?

    <p>They travel at about 300,000,000 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the element to which an atom belongs?

    <p>The number of protons in its nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for atoms that have gained or lost an electron?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a simplified analogy where a hydrogen nucleus is a basketball, how far away is its electron on average?

    <p>1.5 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the energy levels of electrons in an atom?

    <p>Only specific energy levels are allowed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of atoms in a drop of water compare to the number of stars in the observable universe?

    <p>There are more atoms than stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from variations in the number of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>The creation of different isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the energy level closest to the nucleus in an atom?

    <p>Ground state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an electron absorbs a photon?

    <p>The electron jumps to a higher energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of the photon absorbed or emitted related to?

    <p>Energy difference between two energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spectrum contains all visible wavelengths without interruption?

    <p>Continuous Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an electron emits a photon?

    <p>The electron jumps to a lower energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an emission line spectrum?

    <p>Light emitted at specific wavelengths by a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are unique line spectra for atoms formed?

    <p>From the absorption/emission of photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of removing an electron from an atom?

    <p>Formation of a positively charged ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with Image 1 if it has the lowest angular resolution?

    <p>It was taken by the telescope with the smallest light collecting area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the Hubble Space Telescope produce higher-resolution images than ground-based telescopes?

    <p>It is above the Earth’s atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is effective in reducing atmospheric blurring for telescopes?

    <p>Placing telescopes on mountains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive optics in telescopes enhances which of the following?

    <p>Angular resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is NOT a method to combat light pollution for improved astronomical observation?

    <p>Using larger telescopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of telescope positioning is preferred for reducing the impact of atmospheric distortion?

    <p>Positioned on islands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary benefit of utilizing adaptive optics in telescopes is to:

    <p>Compensate for rapid changes in atmospheric conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors negatively impacts the angular resolution of telescopes?

    <p>Atmospheric turbulence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a thermal spectrum?

    <p>It depends solely on the object's temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Wien's Law, what is the relationship between temperature and wavelength?

    <p>Higher temperatures correspond to shorter wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do humans not visibly glow in the dark?

    <p>Humans emit light only at infrared wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature corresponds to a peak thermal spectrum wavelength of 290 nm?

    <p>8400 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hotter objects emit compared to cooler ones?

    <p>More light per square meter at all wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what wavelength does the Sun’s thermal spectrum peak?

    <p>500 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about thermal spectra is incorrect?

    <p>They are monochromatic and consist of a single wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature of an object increases, which of the following will occur?

    <p>The peak wavelength will decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a telescope in astronomy?

    <p>To enhance the visibility of distant celestial objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light is associated with the ability to detect heat from objects in space?

    <p>Infrared light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the change in frequency of light as the source moves closer or farther away?

    <p>Doppler Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can absorption and emission spectra be created by different elements?

    <p>By passing light through the gas causing electrons to jump energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does light pollution have on astronomical observations?

    <p>It obstructs the visibility of stars and celestial phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline primarily studies the properties and functions of light?

    <p>Astrophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of observing the universe at multiple wavelengths?

    <p>It helps in understanding different physical processes occurring in celestial bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a prism play in the study of light?

    <p>It disperses light into its component colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes blue shift in light?

    <p>The shortening of light waves indicates a source moving closer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary resource for understanding light's role in astronomy?

    <p>NASA's database on light physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    • The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all forms of light
    • Includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves
    • Different types have varying wavelengths and frequencies
    • Wavelength and frequency are inversely related
    • Higher frequency corresponds to higher energy

    Atomic Structure

    • Matter is composed of atoms
    • Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons
    • Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge
    • Atoms are mostly empty space
    • Electrons exist in specific energy levels around the nucleus

    Waves

    • A wave is a disturbance that propagates in a regular and organized way
    • Light is a transverse electromagnetic wave
    • Light can travel through a vacuum or a medium
    • Light has both electric and magnetic components perpendicular to each other, and perpendicular to its direction of travel

    Energy Levels in Atoms

    • Electrons in atoms can only have specific energies, called energy levels
    • Electrons are either in an energy level or not
    • Energy levels are unique to each atom
    • Energy difference between levels equals the energy of the emitted photon

    Spectrum Types

    • Continuous spectrum: A spectrum without interruption, all wavelengths are present
    • Emission line spectrum: A spectrum with bright lines at specific wavelengths, originating from excited atomic emissions
    • Absorption line spectrum: A spectrum with dark lines at specific wavelengths, due to absorption by atoms

    Doppler Shift

    • Spectral lines shift to shorter (bluer) wavelengths when an object moves toward the observer, called a blueshift
    • Spectral lines shift to longer (redder) wavelengths when an object moves away from the observer, called a redshift

    Telescope Properties

    • Telescopes are light-gathering devices, their size determines their light-gathering ability
    • Larger telescopes can collect more light, allowing observation of fainter and more distant objects
    • Angular resolution is the minimum angle between two objects a telescope can distinguish
    • Atmospheric blurring affects the resolution of ground-based telescopes

    Light Interactions with Matter

    • Matter can emit, absorb, transmit, and scatter light
    • Interactions influence the appearance of matter
    • Electrons absorbing or emitting a photon corresponds to energy level transitions

    Adaptive Optics

    • Techniques compensate for atmospheric turbulence to improve telescopic resolution

    Thermal Radiation

    • Objects emit radiation based on their temperature
    • Wien's Law relates the object's temperature and peak wavelength of its thermal radiation

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    Unit 05 - Light and Telescopes PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the electromagnetic spectrum, atomic structure, and the properties of waves in this informative quiz. Understand how wavelength and frequency relate and the composition of atoms, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Dive into the behavior of light as a wave and its interaction with the atomic structure.

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