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Questions and Answers
Which element is named after a dwarf planet?
What is the origin of the name for the element 'calcium'?
Which element is named after a star?
Which chemical symbol is correctly matched with its element?
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Which of the following is NOT an element named after a place?
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What does the term 'allotropes' refer to in chemistry?
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Which element is named after a German city?
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Which of the following elements is named after a planet?
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What is the number of valence electrons for an element in group 4A?
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Which electron-dot symbol correctly represents magnesium?
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Which statement is true about atomic size in the periodic table?
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How many valence electrons does chlorine (Cl) have?
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What is the correct representation of nitrogen in an electron-dot symbol?
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Which of the following statements about valence electrons is NOT true?
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What does the octet rule state regarding valence electrons?
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Why does atomic size increase from top to bottom in a group of the periodic table?
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What does the atomic number of an element represent?
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For a neutral atom, how does the number of protons compare to the number of electrons?
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What does the mass number of an atom represent?
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Which element has an atomic number of 29?
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What is the net charge of an atom with 13 protons and 13 electrons?
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Which of the following describes the relationship between isotopes and mass number?
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How is the atomic weight related to mass number?
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Which element has an atomic number of 6?
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What does the electromagnetic spectrum represent?
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What is the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum?
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What does an atomic spectrum indicate about an element?
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What happens when an electron absorbs energy?
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What is the number of protons in an atom of lead (Pb) with a mass number of 207?
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What occurs when electrons fall back to a lower energy level?
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If an atom has a mass number of 207 and contains 82 protons, how many neutrons does it have?
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How are energy levels within an atom assigned?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding isotopes?
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What characteristic of electron energy is described as quantized?
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Which of the following formulas is used to determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
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What colors are included in the acronym ROYGBIV, which refers to the visible spectrum?
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What information does the mass number of an isotope provide?
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Study Notes
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- The electromagnetic spectrum (energy spectrum) displays wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
- The visible spectrum ranges from 700 to 400 nanometers (nm).
- ROYGBIV represents the colors of the visible spectrum: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet.
### Atomic Spectrum
- When light from a heated element is passed through a prism, it separates into distinct lines of color, forming an atomic spectrum.
- Dark areas between these lines are called atomic spectra.
- Each element has a unique atomic spectrum.
Flame Test
- Different elements emit different colors when heated in a flame.
- The flame test is used to identify unknown elements.
Electron Energy Levels
- Electrons in an atom occupy specific energy levels, which are represented by principal quantum numbers (n).
- As the value of n increases, the energy level increases, meaning the electrons are farther from the nucleus.
- Electron energy is quantized, meaning it can only exist at specific energy values.
### Changes in Electron Energy Levels
- Electrons absorb energy to move to a higher energy level.
- When electrons fall back to a lower energy level, light is emitted.
- The energy absorbed or emitted is equal to the difference in energy between the two levels.
Group Number and Valence Electrons
- The group number on the periodic table determines the number of valence electrons an element has.
- Group 1A has 1 valence electron, Group 2A has 2, Group 3A has 3, and so on, up to Group 8A with 8 valence electrons.
Electron-Dot Symbols
- Electron-dot symbols, also known as Lewis structures, represent valence electrons as dots around the element's symbol.
Atomic Size
- Atomic size is determined by the atom's atomic radius, the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
- Atomic size generally increases down a group on the periodic table because there are more electron shells.
- Atomic size decreases across a period on the periodic table because the number of protons increases, causing a stronger pull on the electrons.
Protons and Neutrons in Atoms
- The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number, and this number determines the element.
- The mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
- The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
### Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element but have different mass numbers.
- They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Isotopes can be distinguished by their atomic symbols.
- For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes, both with 6 protons but carbon-12 has 6 neutrons and carbon-14 has 8.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the electromagnetic spectrum, atomic spectra, and energy levels of electrons. This quiz covers topics such as the visible spectrum, flame tests, and the quantization of electron energy levels. It's a great review for chemistry students focusing on atomic theory.
