Physics Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the motion that travels in a straight line?

Circular motion

Oscillatory motion

Rotational motion

Linear motion (correct)

What is the motion that travels in a circular motion?

Rotational motion (correct)

Translational motion

Vibrational motion

Linear motion

______ is the distance traveled in a straight line per unit of time.

Linear speed

_______ is the distance traveled per unit of time.

Tangential speed Signup and view all the answers

The direction of a circular motion is ___________ of the circumference.

tangent Signup and view all the answers

When an object travels about an internal axis, the motion is a or a __.

rotation, spin Signup and view all the answers

Horse A is closer to the axis than Horse B, but they both have the same __________ in a merry-go-round.

rotational speed Signup and view all the answers

Revolution per minute are about what?

Rotational speed (rpm) Signup and view all the answers

______ states that a rotation will not stop unless an outside force acts upon it.

Rotational inertia Signup and view all the answers

As radial distance increases, tangential speed ______.

decreases Signup and view all the answers

As rotation speed increases, tangential speed _______.

increases Signup and view all the answers

_______ is a change in tangential speed that indicates an acceleration in the direction of tangential motion.

Tangential acceleration Signup and view all the answers

_______ states an object rotating about an axis tends to remain rotating unless interfered with by some external influence.

Rotational inertia Signup and view all the answers

The greater the distance between the bulk of an object's mass and its axis of rotation, the _____ the rotational inertia.

greater Signup and view all the answers

______ is the product of the force and lever-arm distance, which tends to produce rotation.

Torque Signup and view all the answers

Wrenches and gears are examples of _______.

torque Signup and view all the answers

______ is produced by this turning force and tends to produce rotational acceleration.

Torque Signup and view all the answers

______ tend to make things accelerate.

Forces Signup and view all the answers

If you apply the same force to each of these wrenches, the longest wrench would have the greatest torque because it has the __________.

longest lever arm Signup and view all the answers

A pair of torques can ______ each other.

balance Signup and view all the answers

_______ is where all the mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated.

Center of Mass Signup and view all the answers

______ is the average position of all the particles of weight that make up an object.

Center of Gravity Signup and view all the answers

The center of gravity is the _______ point.

balance Signup and view all the answers

For ______ center of gravity must be over an area of support.

stability Signup and view all the answers

The force directed toward a fixed center that causes an object to follow a circular path is called _______.

centripetal force Signup and view all the answers

Greater speed and greater mass requires greater ________.

centripetal force Signup and view all the answers

Centripetal force = /

mass*speed^2, radius of curvature Signup and view all the answers

Centripetal force is measured in _________

newtons Signup and view all the answers

Sometimes an outward force is also attributed to ________.

circular motion Signup and view all the answers

This apparent outward force on a rotating or revolving body is _____________.

centrifugal force Signup and view all the answers

Anything that rotates keeps on rotating until something stops it is ____________.

Angular Momentum Signup and view all the answers

___________ is defined as the product of rotational inertia.

Angular Momentum Signup and view all the answers

_______ is a vector whose magnitude is the rotational speed.

Rotational velocity Signup and view all the answers

Angular momentum is a ______ quantity and has direction as well as magnitude.

vector Signup and view all the answers

The property of an object to resist change in a rotational motion is known as _______.

Rotational Inertia Signup and view all the answers

A measurement that measures distance traveled per unit of time in circular motion is called _______.

Tangential Speed Signup and view all the answers

Toss a baseball bat into the air and it wobbles about its _______.

center of mass Signup and view all the answers

As rotational speed of a merry-go-round increases by 2, what will happen to tangential speed?

Tangential speed increases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Linear Motion

Motion that travels in a straight line.
Linear speed is defined as the distance traveled in a straight line per unit time.

Rotational Motion

Motion that travels in a circular path.
Involves concepts like tangential speed and rotational speed.

Tangential Speed

Refers to the distance traveled along a circular path per unit of time.
The tangential direction is perpendicular to the radius of the circle.

Rotation and Rotational Speed

Rotation occurs when an object spins around an internal axis.
Rotational speed can be affected by an object's distance from the axis; for example, horses on a merry-go-round have the same rotational speed regardless of their distance from the center.

Rotational Inertia

Describes an object's tendency to maintain its state of rotation unless acted upon by an external force.
Greater distance of mass from the axis increases rotational inertia.

Torque

Defined as the product of force and lever-arm distance, which tends to produce rotation.
Torque is crucial for achieving rotational acceleration. Longer lever arms yield greater torque.

Center of Mass and Center of Gravity

The center of mass is the point where the mass of an object is concentrated.
The center of gravity is the average position of an object's weight particles.
Stability depends on the position of the center of gravity being over the base of support.

Centripetal Force

The inward force that keeps an object moving in a circular path.
Greater mass and speed require increased centripetal force, which can be calculated using the formula: (mass * speed²) / radius of curvature.
Measured in newtons.

Circular Motion and Forces

Circular motion can sometimes be confused with an apparent outward force called centrifugal force, which is not a true force but a result of rotational motion.
Angular momentum describes the tendency of rotating objects to maintain their motion unless disrupted.

Angular Momentum

Defined as the product of an object’s rotational inertia and rotational velocity.
Angular momentum is a vector with both magnitude and direction.

Additional Concepts

Tangential acceleration indicates a change in tangential speed in the direction of motion.
An object wobbles about its center of mass during rotation.
Changes in rotational speed affect tangential speed; for instance, if a merry-go-round's speed doubles, the tangential speed also increases proportionally.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in Physics Chapter 8 with these flashcards. This quiz covers linear motion, rotational motion, and various terms related to speed. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of motion in physics.