Physics Chapter 7: Newton's Laws of Motion

When a body starts at rest, the force's direction determines the body's motion direction.

If a body is already moving, a force can change both its speed and direction.

Newton's law: Force is directly proportional to an object's acceleration.

Force applied to an object to change its state of rest or motion.

Constant of proportionality relating force and acceleration; measures an object's resistance to changes in motion.

Another name for inertial mass, related to density and volume.

Force has both magnitude and direction

Force (F) calculation: mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a)

The single force that would have the same effect as two or more forces acting together.

Force is proportional to the mass of an object and its acceleration.

Accelerations add together as vectors (a = a1 + a2).

Forces add together as vectors (F = F1 + F2).

A vector can be broken down into perpendicular components. Calculating the effect in a given direction

A situation where multiple forces cancel each other out, resulting in no overall movement.

An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net force.

The measure of an object's motion, taking both its mass and velocity into account.

Momentum (p) equals mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v): p = mv

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Force causes changes in an object's motion (either at rest or moving). It can make it speed up, slow down, or change direction.

Force has direction - it can push or pull in a specific direction.

A force that causes a change in motion - think of it as the reason something starts moving, speeds up, or changes direction.

Force can be applied all at once or gradually over time, producing the same change in motion if the total force is equal.

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion (both speed and direction).

A body is 'at rest' if its velocity is zero. This means it is not moving relative to a chosen reference frame.

Motion at a constant speed in a straight line.

Forces can change the motion of a body, causing it to accelerate or decelerate, or change its direction.

The total force acting on an object, considering the combined effect of all individual forces.

Means the object is not accelerating. It can be at rest, or moving with a constant speed in a straight line.

Velocity can change by changing the speed (magnitude) or direction of motion.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When two objects interact, they exert forces of equal magnitude on each other in opposite directions.

Two objects that exert forces on each other during an interaction.

The forces that two objects in an interaction pair exert on each other. They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

A set of laws that describe the motion of objects, based on Newton's laws of motion and force laws.

Newtonian mechanics doesn't explain everything. It doesn't work well for objects traveling at speeds close to the speed of light (special relativity) or for the motion of electrons in atoms (quantum mechanics).

A measure of the change in momentum of an object caused by a force acting over a certain time interval.

The impulse (I) equals the force (F) multiplied by the time interval (Δt) over which the force acts, also equal to the change in momentum (Δp).

A force that acts on an object constantly, unlike an impulsive force that acts briefly.

The total force acting on an object at any given time equals the rate of change of its momentum.

The force acting on an object with constant mass equals the product of its mass and acceleration.

Rules that describe the forces between objects based on their properties and interactions, used to predict forces in real-world scenarios.

Knowing an object's acceleration allows us to calculate its future velocity and position using integration techniques.