Physics Class 10 medium

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for calculating force according to Newton's Second Law of Motion?

F = m + a

F = ma (correct)

F = mv

F = m/a

An object in motion will eventually stop unless acted upon by an external force.

True (A)

What is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?

Newton

The momentum of an object is calculated using the formula ______.

p = mv Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their corresponding terms:

Inertia = Resistance to changes in motion Momentum = Product of mass and velocity Force = Mass times acceleration Acceleration = Change in velocity over time Signup and view all the answers

If a 2 kg object is pushed with a force of 10 N, what is its acceleration?

5 m/s² (D) Signup and view all the answers

For every action, there is a corresponding equal and opposite reaction.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Describe the concept of inertia.

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. Signup and view all the answers

The equation for acceleration when initial velocity, final velocity, and time are known is ______.

a = (v - u) / t Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes momentum?

Momentum is conserved in the absence of external forces. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for pressure?

P = F/A (D) Signup and view all the answers

The SI unit of pressure is Newton.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does thermal energy refer to?

The internal energy of a substance due to the motion of its particles. Signup and view all the answers

The motion of an object under the influence of gravity only is known as __________.

free fall Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of thermometers with their descriptions:

Mercury Thermometer = Uses mercury that expands with temperature changes. Alcohol Thermometer = Uses alcohol that expands with heat. Bimetallic Thermometer = Uses two metals that expand at different rates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect observed when light passes from one medium to another?

Refraction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Total internal reflection can only occur when light enters a more optically dense medium.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration due to gravity near Earth's surface?

9.8 m/s^2 Signup and view all the answers

The universe began with a phenomenon known as the __________.

Big Bang Signup and view all the answers

Which type of current flows in one direction only?

Direct Current (DC) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Force and Motion

Newton's First Law (Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force. Inertia is the resistance to change in motion.
Newton's Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). Force is measured in Newtons (N), mass in kilograms (kg), and acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s²).
Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example Problem 1: A 2 kg object pushed with 10 N force accelerates at 5 m/s².
Example Problem 2: A car accelerating from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 seconds has an acceleration of 2 m/s².

Inertia and Momentum

Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.
Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity (p = mv).
- Momentum is conserved in the absence of external forces.

Pressure

Definition: Force per unit area (P = F/A).
Units: Pressure is measured in Pascals (Pa).
Pressure and Gravity: Pressure increases with depth in a fluid.

Heat

Thermal Energy: The internal energy of a substance due to particle motion.
Specific Heat Capacity: The heat needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
- Heat energy (Q) = mass (m) × specific heat capacity (c) × change in temperature (ΔT)
Thermometer Types: Mercury, alcohol, bimetallic.

Light

Refraction: Bending of light when passing from one medium to another, governed by Snell's Law.
Total Internal Reflection: Complete reflection within a medium when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.
Diffraction: Bending of light waves around obstacles.
Lenses: Convex (converging) and concave (diverging) lenses, with focal length (f) determining lens power (P = 1/f).
Human Eye: Focuses light onto the retina; vision defects like myopia and hyperopia exist.

Electricity

Direct Current (DC): Current flows in one direction.
Alternating Current (AC): Current reverses direction periodically.
Magnetic Effects of Current: Current-carrying conductors generate magnetic fields (Right-hand Rule applies).
Electromagnetic Induction: Changing magnetic fields induce electric current in conductors.
AC Generator: Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy through rotation in a magnetic field.

The Universe

Big Bang Theory: The universe originated from a singularity and is expanding.
Hubble's Law: Galaxies are moving away, and their velocity is proportional to their distance from Earth.
Future of the Universe: Possible outcomes include closed (collapsing), open (expanding forever), or flat (expanding, but slowing).

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Description

Test your understanding of the fundamental principles of force and motion, including Newton's laws of motion and concepts of inertia, momentum, and pressure. This quiz features example problems to help solidify your grasp of these critical physics topics.