Questions and Answers
What is the symbol for Linear Momentum?
P (slanted P)
What is the equation for Linear Momentum?
P = mv
Is Linear Momentum a scalar or vector?
True
What are the units for Linear Momentum?
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More mass causes the object to move slower.
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More mass causes more momentum.
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A quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.
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It takes less force to change the motion of an object with greater momentum.
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What is the impulse momentum theorem?
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What is impulse?
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Impulse is equal to the ________ of the object acted on.
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Impulse is the product of the _____ and the _____ over which the force acts on an object.
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Longer contact time equals less impulse.
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Longer contact time equals more impulse equals _____ change in momentum.
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When are changes in momentum used?
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When 2 or more objects interact, the ____ of the closed, isolated system remains the same.
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What is the equation for momentum conservation?
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Friction will be ignored for momentum conservation problems.
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Momentum is also conserved for objects ______.
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As long as there are no _____ acting on the system, the total momentum remains constant.
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The total momentum of any system of objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the ___ of the forces between the objects.
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What happens when two objects collide and move together as one mass?
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What is the equation for an inelastic collision?
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Pay attention to the ______ in collisions.
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KE is conserved in inelastic collisions.
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KE becomes _____ or _______ if the object deforms.
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Loss of KE can be calculated using _______ to find _____ (-KE means loss).
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What happens to objects after a collision in an elastic collision?
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KE before and after the collision is the same in an elastic collision.
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A collision in which the final kinetic energy is less than the initial kinetic energy is called what?
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A collision in which the bodies stick together after the collision is called what?
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What is a collision between ideally elastic bodies?
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Study Notes
Linear Momentum
- Symbol for Linear Momentum is P (slanted P).
- Equation for Linear Momentum: P = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.
- Linear Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
- Units for Linear Momentum are kg⋅m/s.
- Increasing mass results in the object moving faster.
- More mass results in more momentum.
Impulse and Momentum Change
- Defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.
- Greater momentum requires more force to change motion compared to lower momentum.
- Impulse-Momentum Theorem: F∆t = ∆p, where F is force, ∆t is time interval, and ∆p is change in momentum.
- Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a constant external force acting over time.
- Impulse can be calculated using the product of force and time.
- Longer contact time increases impulse and results in a greater change in momentum.
Applications and Conservation
- Changes in momentum are relevant in sports and safety devices like airbags.
- In a closed, isolated system, the net momentum remains constant during interactions.
- Momentum conservation equation: m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f.
- External forces, such as friction, are generally ignored in momentum conservation problems.
- Momentum is conserved for objects pushing away from each other.
Collisions
- Two primary types of collisions: inelastic and elastic.
- Inelastic collisions occur when two objects collide and move together as a single mass; KE is not conserved.
- Inelastic collision equation: m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1 + m2)vf.
- The sign of velocities in collisions is important for calculations.
- Kinetic Energy (KE) can convert to sound or internal energy if deformation occurs during an inelastic collision.
- The loss of KE can be evaluated using momentum conservation to determine final velocities.
Specific Collision Types
- Elastic collision: objects remain separate after the collision and KE is conserved; initial and final KE values are the same.
- Perfectly inelastic collision: bodies stick together after the collision, resulting in a loss of KE.
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