Physics Chapter 6: Momentum Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the symbol for Linear Momentum?

P (slanted P)

What is the equation for Linear Momentum?

P = mv

Is Linear Momentum a scalar or vector?

True

What are the units for Linear Momentum?

<p>kg⋅m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

More mass causes the object to move slower.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

More mass causes more momentum.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.

<p>Momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

It takes less force to change the motion of an object with greater momentum.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impulse momentum theorem?

<p>F∆t = ∆p</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is impulse?

<p>The product of a constant external force and the time interval over which it acts on an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Impulse is equal to the ________ of the object acted on.

<p>change in momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Impulse is the product of the _____ and the _____ over which the force acts on an object.

<p>force, time</p> Signup and view all the answers

Longer contact time equals less impulse.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Longer contact time equals more impulse equals _____ change in momentum.

<p>greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are changes in momentum used?

<p>sports, airbags</p> Signup and view all the answers

When 2 or more objects interact, the ____ of the closed, isolated system remains the same.

<p>net momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for momentum conservation?

<p>m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f</p> Signup and view all the answers

Friction will be ignored for momentum conservation problems.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Momentum is also conserved for objects ______.

<p>pushing away from each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

As long as there are no _____ acting on the system, the total momentum remains constant.

<p>external forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total momentum of any system of objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the ___ of the forces between the objects.

<p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two objects collide and move together as one mass?

<p>inelastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for an inelastic collision?

<p>m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1+m2)vf</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pay attention to the ______ in collisions.

<p>sign of velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

KE is conserved in inelastic collisions.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

KE becomes _____ or _______ if the object deforms.

<p>sound, internal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loss of KE can be calculated using _______ to find _____ (-KE means loss).

<p>momentum conservation, final velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to objects after a collision in an elastic collision?

<p>remain separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

KE before and after the collision is the same in an elastic collision.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A collision in which the final kinetic energy is less than the initial kinetic energy is called what?

<p>Inelastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

A collision in which the bodies stick together after the collision is called what?

<p>Perfectly inelastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a collision between ideally elastic bodies?

<p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Linear Momentum

  • Symbol for Linear Momentum is P (slanted P).
  • Equation for Linear Momentum: P = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.
  • Linear Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
  • Units for Linear Momentum are kg⋅m/s.
  • Increasing mass results in the object moving faster.
  • More mass results in more momentum.

Impulse and Momentum Change

  • Defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.
  • Greater momentum requires more force to change motion compared to lower momentum.
  • Impulse-Momentum Theorem: F∆t = ∆p, where F is force, ∆t is time interval, and ∆p is change in momentum.
  • Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a constant external force acting over time.
  • Impulse can be calculated using the product of force and time.
  • Longer contact time increases impulse and results in a greater change in momentum.

Applications and Conservation

  • Changes in momentum are relevant in sports and safety devices like airbags.
  • In a closed, isolated system, the net momentum remains constant during interactions.
  • Momentum conservation equation: m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f.
  • External forces, such as friction, are generally ignored in momentum conservation problems.
  • Momentum is conserved for objects pushing away from each other.

Collisions

  • Two primary types of collisions: inelastic and elastic.
  • Inelastic collisions occur when two objects collide and move together as a single mass; KE is not conserved.
  • Inelastic collision equation: m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1 + m2)vf.
  • The sign of velocities in collisions is important for calculations.
  • Kinetic Energy (KE) can convert to sound or internal energy if deformation occurs during an inelastic collision.
  • The loss of KE can be evaluated using momentum conservation to determine final velocities.

Specific Collision Types

  • Elastic collision: objects remain separate after the collision and KE is conserved; initial and final KE values are the same.
  • Perfectly inelastic collision: bodies stick together after the collision, resulting in a loss of KE.

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Test your knowledge of momentum with these flashcards that cover the fundamentals such as definitions, equations, and units. Perfect for students needing a quick review or study aid for Physics Chapter 6.

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