Physics Chapter 5: Light and Electromagnetic Waves

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Questions and Answers

What phenomenon occurs when light encounters a boundary that does not absorb its energy?

Dispersion

Reflection (correct)

Refraction

Absorption

Which of the following statements about the law of reflection is true?

The angle of incidence is always greater than the angle of reflection.

The angle of incidence is always less than the angle of reflection.

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. (correct)

The reflected wave does not follow any defined law.

What is the relation between the refractive index of a material and the speed of light in that material?

Higher refractive index indicates faster light speed.

All materials have the same refractive index.

Higher refractive index indicates slower light speed. (correct)

The refractive index has no relation to light speed.

Which of the following correctly defines the incident wave?

The incoming wave that strikes the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

2.998 x 10^8 m/sec Signup and view all the answers

Which color of light has the longest wavelength?

Red Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is true?

It consists of waves of differing wavelength and frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a higher density material have on the speed of light?

Decreases the speed of light Signup and view all the answers

Which property is used to describe visible light specifically?

It has a frequency range detectable by the human eye. Signup and view all the answers

What is called when light is separated into its spectral components?

Dispersion Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon illustrates that light behaves like a wave, as shown by the shift in light frequency?

Doppler Effect Signup and view all the answers

According to Quantum Theory, light is considered to have which types of properties?

Both particle and wave properties. Signup and view all the answers

What effect demonstrates that light behaves like a particle?

The photoelectric effect. Signup and view all the answers

How does light from the sun influence comet tails?

It exerts a force causing the tails to deflect. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of optics, what is the significance of fibre optics?

They rely on the reflection of light. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes refraction?

It is the bending of light as it passes through different media. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to light when it travels from air into glass?

It slows down and changes direction. Signup and view all the answers

What type of vibrations does plane polarized radiation consist of?

Vibrations in a single vertical plane Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change in direction of light due to a change in velocity?

Refraction Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle of incidence affect refraction?

A larger angle may result in more reflection than refraction. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a second slit is aligned the same way as the first slit in a polarized system?

All vibrations pass through Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of polarizing sunglasses on light?

They reduce glare by filtering certain vibrations Signup and view all the answers

At what point does Total Internal Reflection occur?

At the critical angle where 100% of light is reflected. Signup and view all the answers

Which material has the highest index of refraction?

Diamond Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a concave mirror?

It converges light rays Signup and view all the answers

What causes dispersion when white light enters a prism?

Different wavelengths of light are refracted by different amounts. Signup and view all the answers

How is the focal length of a curved mirror calculated?

f = R/2 (approx) Signup and view all the answers

What is the index of refraction for water?

1.33 Signup and view all the answers

What does a convex mirror do to light rays?

It diverges or spreads light rays Signup and view all the answers

What happens as the incidence angle increases in relation to the energy of light?

More energy is reflected and less is refracted. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the reflective surface of a plain mirror?

It is flat and does not curve Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'polarization' refer to in the context of light?

Restriction of light's vibrational direction Signup and view all the answers

What defines a real image?

It is projected onto a screen. Signup and view all the answers

What type of lens produces a virtual image?

Diverging (concave) lens Signup and view all the answers

How does a convex mirror create a virtual image?

By appearing to give a focus behind the mirror. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an object is placed within the focal length of a convex lens?

A virtual image is produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the focal length is accurate?

It indicates how far from the lens parallel rays converge. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario will a real image be magnified and inverted?

When an object is placed outside the focal length of a convex lens. Signup and view all the answers

Which property is true for virtual images?

They are diminished and upright. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a convex lens?

It produces real images. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the condition where a convex lens does not focus light at a single focal point, resulting in a blurry image?

Spherical aberration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is essential for the operation of optical fibre communications?

Lasers Signup and view all the answers

How does light behave when it enters an optical fibre?

It is totally internally reflected Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of a real optical fibre comparable to?

A single human hair Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be employed if the human eye does not focus images clearly on the retina?

Corrective surgery Signup and view all the answers

What allows multiple signals to be carried on the same optical fibre?

Multiple wavelengths of light Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge of creating a communication system using a mirrored tube?

Bulk and difficulty of coating Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance a signal can typically travel through optical fibre?

Approximately 100 km Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module: B-2 Physics, Topic 2.4 Optics

Optics is a study of light, its properties, and how it interacts with matter.
Light is electromagnetic radiation.
The speed of light in a vacuum is 2.998 x 10⁸ m/s (approximately 300,000 km/sec).
Light's speed varies in different transparent materials.
Electromagnetic radiation has different wavelengths and frequencies, including gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves.
Light can be described as having both wave-like and particle-like properties (photons).
Light can be reflected, refracted, dispersed, and polarized.
Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Refraction occurs when light changes speed as it passes from one medium to another, causing it to change direction. The amount of bending depends on the refractive index of the medium.
Refraction index of materials varies. Air = 1.00029; Diamond = 2.42; Glass = 1.5 - 1.7; Ice = 1.31; Water = 1.33.
Dispersion is the separation of light into its component colours due to different refractive indices for different wavelengths.
Total Internal Reflection is when light is completely reflected back into the denser medium, rather than refracted, at or beyond the critical angle. This characteristic of light is essential to the operation of optical fibres.
Optical fibers are glass or plastic strands used in communications. Light travels through the fiber by total internal reflection through the core of the fiber.
Lenses are optical devices that refract light to form images. Convex lenses converge light and concave lenses diverge light.
- Convex lenses create real and virtual images based on object position relative to the lens.
- Concave lenses only produce virtual images.
Real images are those that can be projected onto a screen.
Virtual images cannot be projected onto a screen.
Spherical aberration occurs when a lens or mirror does not focus all parallel rays to a single point.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and behavior of light with this quiz from Physics Chapter 5. Explore concepts such as reflection, refraction, and the dual nature of light in relation to electromagnetic radiation. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of optical phenomena!