Questions and Answers
What is Newton's third law?
Define a vector quantity.
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
Define a scalar quantity.
A quantity that has magnitude but not direction.
What is a vector?
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What is the resultant?
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Define acceleration in terms of force and mass: a = ______
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What is the formula for force (f)?
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What is Newton's first law?
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What is Newton's second law commonly known as?
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What is Newton's first law also known as?
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What is Newton's third law also known as?
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If Iguana and Monitor exert 1000N in opposite directions in a tug of war, what is the tension in the rope?
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Describe the motion of a ball dropped from a moving bus from the viewpoint of a person on the roadside.
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What keeps a helicopter hovering in place vertically?
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Your mousetrap project's displacement is what type of quantity?
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The pull of the Earth's gravity down on a pumpkin and the upward support force of the floor up on this pumpkin are equal in magnitude and in opposite directions. These two forces are an action-reaction pair.
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What are the forces pushing a round rock sliding across a perfectly horizontal floor at constant velocity?
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When a car traveling at 100 km/hr hits a bug, what can be said about the force of impact on both the car and the bug?
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What is an example of a vector quantity?
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If force F pulls three blocks of equal mass across a friction-free table, what are the rope tensions on each block?
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What is a force?
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A force is not a thing in itself but makes up a ____ between one thing and another.
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Newton's third law states whenever one object exerts another force on a second object, the second object exerts a force that is ___ in magnitude and in the ____ direction of the force exerted by the first object.
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According to Newton's third law, we give names to the forces described. One is called the ___ force, while the other is called the ___ force.
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According to Newton's third law, pairs of forces act on different objects.
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Does a speeding missile possess force?
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What is force expressed as in the metric system?
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To find the net result of two vectors, we use the ___ rule.
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The process of determining the components of a vector is called what?
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What is inertia?
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What is mass in physics?
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What is the metric system unit for mass?
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The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the ______ over mass.
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Study Notes
Fundamental Concepts of Newton's Laws
- Newton's Third Law: States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back.
- Newton's First Law (Inertia): An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
- Newton's Second Law: Defines the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration stated in the equation ( F = ma ), indicating acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to mass.
Physical Quantities
- Vector Quantity: These possess both magnitude and direction, exemplified by quantities such as force, velocity, and acceleration.
- Scalar Quantity: These have only magnitude and no direction; examples include mass, volume, and speed.
Vector Representation
- Vector: Represented as an arrow drawn to scale; its length indicates magnitude and direction shows the vector's trajectory.
- Resultant: The combined effect of two or more vectors, giving the overall direction and magnitude.
Forces and Motion
- Acceleration: Often associated with Newton's second law; represents the rate of change of velocity.
- Tension in a Rope: In a tug-of-war scenario where two forces of 1000N are in opposition, the tension in the connecting rope is equal to this value.
- Equilibrium in Motion: For a helicopter, the propeller blades push air down, and in response, the air pushes the blades up; this interaction maintains static equilibrium during hovering.
Examples and Applications
- Tossing a Ball in a Moving Bus: If a ball is dropped from a moving bus, it falls in a curved path relative to an observer on the ground, demonstrating the effects of inertia and the frame of reference.
- Forces Acting on Objects: Situations involving a rock sliding horizontally on a surface illustrate balanced forces when forces to the right and left exert equal and opposite effects.
Forces in Action
- Impact Force: When a vehicle traveling at 100 km/h collides with a bug, both experience the same force of impact, validating that force varies proportionally with mass.
- Rope Tensions: In a frictionless scenario with three blocks, different tensions result from the applied force ( F ) distributed as ( 2/3F ) and ( 1/3F ) on subsequent blocks.
Properties of Forces
- Force Definition: Defined as a push or pull resulting from interactions between objects.
- Interaction: A force is fundamentally an interaction, depicting the relationship between two bodies rather than a standalone entity.
Terminology and Units
- Force Measurement: In the metric system, force is expressed in Newtons.
- Mass and Sluggishness: Mass reflects an object's resistance to changes in motion, measured in kilograms, indicating sluggishness when a force is applied.
Vector Manipulation
- Parallelogram Rule: To calculate the resultant from two vectors, the parallelogram method is employed.
- Resolution: The process of breaking down a vector into its components is called resolution, aiding in vector analysis.
True/False Concepts
- Force Pairs in Newton's Third Law: True or False - Pairs of forces act on different objects.
- Force of a Moving Object: False - A speeding missile does not intrinsically possess force; it possesses momentum due to its speed and mass.
Key Terms
- Normal Weight: An example of a vector quantity showing magnitude and direction.
- Force Interactions: Action and reaction forces have specific roles in the dynamics of objects.
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Test your understanding of key concepts from Physics Chapter 5 with these flashcards. Each card covers important terms and definitions, including Newton's third law, vector and scalar quantities. Enhance your study session and reinforce your knowledge.
