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Questions and Answers
What is Newton's third law?
What is Newton's third law?
- The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the net force.
- An object at rest tends to remain at rest.
- Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. (correct)
- The tendency of objects to resist changes in motion.
Define a vector quantity.
Define a vector quantity.
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
Define a scalar quantity.
Define a scalar quantity.
A quantity that has magnitude but not direction.
What is a vector?
What is a vector?
What is the resultant?
What is the resultant?
Define acceleration in terms of force and mass: a = ______
Define acceleration in terms of force and mass: a = ______
What is the formula for force (f)?
What is the formula for force (f)?
What is Newton's first law?
What is Newton's first law?
What is Newton's second law commonly known as?
What is Newton's second law commonly known as?
What is Newton's first law also known as?
What is Newton's first law also known as?
What is Newton's third law also known as?
What is Newton's third law also known as?
If Iguana and Monitor exert 1000N in opposite directions in a tug of war, what is the tension in the rope?
If Iguana and Monitor exert 1000N in opposite directions in a tug of war, what is the tension in the rope?
Describe the motion of a ball dropped from a moving bus from the viewpoint of a person on the roadside.
Describe the motion of a ball dropped from a moving bus from the viewpoint of a person on the roadside.
What keeps a helicopter hovering in place vertically?
What keeps a helicopter hovering in place vertically?
Your mousetrap project's displacement is what type of quantity?
Your mousetrap project's displacement is what type of quantity?
The pull of the Earth's gravity down on a pumpkin and the upward support force of the floor up on this pumpkin are equal in magnitude and in opposite directions. These two forces are an action-reaction pair.
The pull of the Earth's gravity down on a pumpkin and the upward support force of the floor up on this pumpkin are equal in magnitude and in opposite directions. These two forces are an action-reaction pair.
What are the forces pushing a round rock sliding across a perfectly horizontal floor at constant velocity?
What are the forces pushing a round rock sliding across a perfectly horizontal floor at constant velocity?
When a car traveling at 100 km/hr hits a bug, what can be said about the force of impact on both the car and the bug?
When a car traveling at 100 km/hr hits a bug, what can be said about the force of impact on both the car and the bug?
What is an example of a vector quantity?
What is an example of a vector quantity?
If force F pulls three blocks of equal mass across a friction-free table, what are the rope tensions on each block?
If force F pulls three blocks of equal mass across a friction-free table, what are the rope tensions on each block?
What is a force?
What is a force?
A force is not a thing in itself but makes up a ____ between one thing and another.
A force is not a thing in itself but makes up a ____ between one thing and another.
Newton's third law states whenever one object exerts another force on a second object, the second object exerts a force that is ___ in magnitude and in the ____ direction of the force exerted by the first object.
Newton's third law states whenever one object exerts another force on a second object, the second object exerts a force that is ___ in magnitude and in the ____ direction of the force exerted by the first object.
According to Newton's third law, we give names to the forces described. One is called the ___ force, while the other is called the ___ force.
According to Newton's third law, we give names to the forces described. One is called the ___ force, while the other is called the ___ force.
According to Newton's third law, pairs of forces act on different objects.
According to Newton's third law, pairs of forces act on different objects.
Does a speeding missile possess force?
Does a speeding missile possess force?
What is force expressed as in the metric system?
What is force expressed as in the metric system?
To find the net result of two vectors, we use the ___ rule.
To find the net result of two vectors, we use the ___ rule.
The process of determining the components of a vector is called what?
The process of determining the components of a vector is called what?
What is inertia?
What is inertia?
What is mass in physics?
What is mass in physics?
What is the metric system unit for mass?
What is the metric system unit for mass?
The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the ______ over mass.
The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the ______ over mass.
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Study Notes
Fundamental Concepts of Newton's Laws
- Newton's Third Law: States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back.
- Newton's First Law (Inertia): An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
- Newton's Second Law: Defines the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration stated in the equation ( F = ma ), indicating acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to mass.
Physical Quantities
- Vector Quantity: These possess both magnitude and direction, exemplified by quantities such as force, velocity, and acceleration.
- Scalar Quantity: These have only magnitude and no direction; examples include mass, volume, and speed.
Vector Representation
- Vector: Represented as an arrow drawn to scale; its length indicates magnitude and direction shows the vector's trajectory.
- Resultant: The combined effect of two or more vectors, giving the overall direction and magnitude.
Forces and Motion
- Acceleration: Often associated with Newton's second law; represents the rate of change of velocity.
- Tension in a Rope: In a tug-of-war scenario where two forces of 1000N are in opposition, the tension in the connecting rope is equal to this value.
- Equilibrium in Motion: For a helicopter, the propeller blades push air down, and in response, the air pushes the blades up; this interaction maintains static equilibrium during hovering.
Examples and Applications
- Tossing a Ball in a Moving Bus: If a ball is dropped from a moving bus, it falls in a curved path relative to an observer on the ground, demonstrating the effects of inertia and the frame of reference.
- Forces Acting on Objects: Situations involving a rock sliding horizontally on a surface illustrate balanced forces when forces to the right and left exert equal and opposite effects.
Forces in Action
- Impact Force: When a vehicle traveling at 100 km/h collides with a bug, both experience the same force of impact, validating that force varies proportionally with mass.
- Rope Tensions: In a frictionless scenario with three blocks, different tensions result from the applied force ( F ) distributed as ( 2/3F ) and ( 1/3F ) on subsequent blocks.
Properties of Forces
- Force Definition: Defined as a push or pull resulting from interactions between objects.
- Interaction: A force is fundamentally an interaction, depicting the relationship between two bodies rather than a standalone entity.
Terminology and Units
- Force Measurement: In the metric system, force is expressed in Newtons.
- Mass and Sluggishness: Mass reflects an object's resistance to changes in motion, measured in kilograms, indicating sluggishness when a force is applied.
Vector Manipulation
- Parallelogram Rule: To calculate the resultant from two vectors, the parallelogram method is employed.
- Resolution: The process of breaking down a vector into its components is called resolution, aiding in vector analysis.
True/False Concepts
- Force Pairs in Newton's Third Law: True or False - Pairs of forces act on different objects.
- Force of a Moving Object: False - A speeding missile does not intrinsically possess force; it possesses momentum due to its speed and mass.
Key Terms
- Normal Weight: An example of a vector quantity showing magnitude and direction.
- Force Interactions: Action and reaction forces have specific roles in the dynamics of objects.
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