Questions and Answers
What does Newton's third law of motion state?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What does the law of conservation of momentum state?
The momentum of an object will not change unless its mass, velocity, or both change.
Why can't we feel all the action-reaction forces around us?
This happens when the mass of one of the objects is very large and does not move.
Why can a bullet with a tiny mass have the same momentum as a slow-moving semitruck?
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What will happen to the momentum of a ball when it hits another ball?
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In the case of all collisions, momentum is ___________.
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What can happen to momentum as a result of increasing mass or velocity?
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Label the action and reaction forces: a __________, b __________.
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Match the objects to their momentum calculation results:
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Study Notes
Newton's Third Law of Motion
- States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- This law emphasizes the interaction between two objects and how they respond to forces.
Law of Conservation of Momentum
- Momentum remains constant when there are no external forces acting on a system.
- Changes in momentum occur only when there is a change in mass, velocity, or both.
Action-Reaction Forces
- Often imperceptible when one object's mass is significantly large and does not move (e.g., Earth vs. a person).
- Example: A person's action of walking creates a reaction force against the ground, but the ground's mass makes the effect unnoticed.
Momentum and Mass Relationship
- A small mass (e.g., bullet) can achieve the same momentum as a much larger mass (e.g., semi-truck) due to high acceleration.
- This illustrates the relationship between mass, velocity, and momentum.
Momentum Transfer in Collisions
- When a moving ball collides with another stationary ball, momentum is transferred, conserving the total momentum in the system.
- The total momentum before and after a collision remains the same.
Conservation in Collisions
- Momentum is always conserved in all types of collisions, regardless of their nature (elastic or inelastic).
Mass and Velocity Increase
- An increase in mass or velocity corresponds to an increase in momentum.
- Understanding this relationship is critical in analyzing motion and collisions.
Action and Reaction Forces in Examples
- Action and reaction forces can be identified in various activities; each force acts on different objects but are equal and opposite.
Momentum Calculations
- Momentum can be calculated using the formula: Momentum = Mass × Velocity.
- Examples:
- Bird with mass of 0.05 kg flying at 22 m/s has a momentum of 1.1 kg m/s.
- High school student with mass of 100 kg moving at 15 m/s has momentum of 1,500 kg m/s.
- A bullet with mass of 0.006 kg traveling at 700 m/s has a momentum of 4.2 kg m/s.
- A satellite with mass of 4,000 kg moving at 7,000 m/s carries a momentum of 28,000,000 kg m/s.
Action and Reaction Labels
- For illustrations:
- Action: One force that initiates motion.
- Reaction: The counterforce that occurs simultaneously.
- Proper labeling of these forces is crucial for understanding the dynamics involved in movements.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Newton's Third Law of Motion through flashcards. This quiz covers key principles such as action-reaction forces and the law of conservation of momentum, helping to reinforce your understanding of motion in physics. Ideal for students learning about forces and motion.
