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Questions and Answers
What condition must be met for an object to float in a fluid?
What condition must be met for an object to float in a fluid?
- The object's volume must be greater than the fluid's volume.
- The object must be less dense than the fluid. (correct)
- The object must be equal in weight to the fluid.
- The object must be heavier than the fluid.
How is buoyant force defined according to Archimedes' principle?
How is buoyant force defined according to Archimedes' principle?
- The volume of fluid displaced divided by the object's density.
- The weight of the object displaced.
- The sum of gravitational and fluid pressure forces.
- The upward force exerted by the fluid on the object. (correct)
Which statement is true regarding the flow of fluids?
Which statement is true regarding the flow of fluids?
- The mass flow rate varies depending on the fluid's viscosity.
- Laminar flow is characterized by high turbulence.
- Turbulent flow has a consistent velocity throughout.
- The equation of continuity states that mass in must equal mass out. (correct)
If a crown of mass 14.7 kg reads as 13.4 kg when submerged, what can be inferred about its density?
If a crown of mass 14.7 kg reads as 13.4 kg when submerged, what can be inferred about its density?
To generate lift for a load of 180 kg, what is the critical volume of helium needed?
To generate lift for a load of 180 kg, what is the critical volume of helium needed?
Which of the following conditions is characteristic of turbulent flow?
Which of the following conditions is characteristic of turbulent flow?
What net force acts on an object when it is submerged in a fluid and the buoyant force is greater than gravitational force?
What net force acts on an object when it is submerged in a fluid and the buoyant force is greater than gravitational force?
What would happen to the submerged object if its density becomes higher than the fluid's density?
What would happen to the submerged object if its density becomes higher than the fluid's density?
What does Bernoulli's equation indicate about fluid speed and pressure?
What does Bernoulli's equation indicate about fluid speed and pressure?
In the context of flow rates, what does the equation A1v1 = A2v2 imply about a fluid flowing through different diameter sections of a pipe?
In the context of flow rates, what does the equation A1v1 = A2v2 imply about a fluid flowing through different diameter sections of a pipe?
Which principle explains the lift generated on an airplane wing?
Which principle explains the lift generated on an airplane wing?
What does a venturi meter measure in fluid dynamics?
What does a venturi meter measure in fluid dynamics?
According to Poiseuille's equation, which factor does NOT influence the rate of flow through a round tube?
According to Poiseuille's equation, which factor does NOT influence the rate of flow through a round tube?
What is the relationship between tube radius and flow rate according to Poiseuille’s equation?
What is the relationship between tube radius and flow rate according to Poiseuille’s equation?
Under which condition is the density of a fluid considered constant?
Under which condition is the density of a fluid considered constant?
Torricelli's theorem relates the speed of fluid flow from a spigot to which of the following?
Torricelli's theorem relates the speed of fluid flow from a spigot to which of the following?
What is the relationship between density and specific gravity?
What is the relationship between density and specific gravity?
Which statement about pressure in a fluid is correct?
Which statement about pressure in a fluid is correct?
How is the specific gravity of a fluid calculated if a bottle mass is 89.22 g when filled with it?
How is the specific gravity of a fluid calculated if a bottle mass is 89.22 g when filled with it?
What is density defined as?
What is density defined as?
If a 60-kg person stands on one foot, how would you determine the pressure exerted under that foot?
If a 60-kg person stands on one foot, how would you determine the pressure exerted under that foot?
In terms of fluid flow, what characteristic is unique to gases compared to liquids?
In terms of fluid flow, what characteristic is unique to gases compared to liquids?
What happens to pressure as depth increases in a fluid?
What happens to pressure as depth increases in a fluid?
What property of a solid defines its ability to maintain a definite shape?
What property of a solid defines its ability to maintain a definite shape?
Flashcards
Buoyant Force
Buoyant Force
The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.
Archimedes' Principle
Archimedes' Principle
The principle stating that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Net Force on a Submerged Object
Net Force on a Submerged Object
The difference between the buoyant force and the gravitational force acting on an object submerged in a fluid.
Laminar Flow
Laminar Flow
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Mass Flow Rate
Mass Flow Rate
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Equation of Continuity
Equation of Continuity
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Turbulent Flow
Turbulent Flow
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Viscosity
Viscosity
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Bernoulli's Equation
Bernoulli's Equation
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Torricelli's Theorem
Torricelli's Theorem
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Lift on an Airplane Wing
Lift on an Airplane Wing
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Venturi Meter
Venturi Meter
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Poiseuille's Equation
Poiseuille's Equation
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What are the three common states of matter and their defining characteristics?
What are the three common states of matter and their defining characteristics?
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What is density and how is it calculated?
What is density and how is it calculated?
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What is specific gravity?
What is specific gravity?
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What is pressure in a fluid?
What is pressure in a fluid?
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What is the principle of pressure distribution in static fluids?
What is the principle of pressure distribution in static fluids?
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How is pressure calculated at a depth in a fluid?
How is pressure calculated at a depth in a fluid?
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What is atmospheric pressure?
What is atmospheric pressure?
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What is gauge pressure?
What is gauge pressure?
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Fluids
- Fluids encompass liquids and gases, both capable of flowing.
- Solids maintain a definite shape and volume.
- Liquids have a fixed volume but adapt to container shapes.
- Gases readily change shape and volume to fill their containers.
Density and Specific Gravity
- Density (ρ) is mass per unit volume (ρ = m/V).
- SI unit for density: kg/m³.
- Density can also be expressed in g/cm³ .
- To convert g/cm³ to kg/m³, multiply by 1000.
- Water at 4°C has a density of 1 g/cm³ or 1000 kg/m³.
- Specific gravity is the ratio of an object's density to water's density.
Pressure in Fluids
- Pressure is force per unit area (Pressure = Force/Area).
- SI unit for pressure: Pascal (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m².
- Pressure in a fluid is the same in all directions at a given depth.
- Pressure increases with depth in a liquid. Pressure = ρgh, where ρ is the density of the liquid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth.
Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
- Atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 1.013 × 10⁵ N/m².
- Another pressure unit is the bar; 1 bar = 1.00 × 10⁵ N/m².
- Gauge pressure is the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.
- Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure + Gauge pressure.
Pascal's Principle
- If an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure increases equally throughout the fluid.
- Pascal's principle is used in hydraulic systems.
Measurement of Pressure
- Open-tube manometers measure pressure differences relative to atmospheric pressure.
- A mercury barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure, with pressure often quoted in millimeters of mercury.
Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle
- Buoyant force is the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object.
- The buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. FB = ρfluidVdisplacedg, where ρfluid is the fluid's density, Vdisplaced is the volume of fluid displaced, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
- An object floats if the buoyant force equals the object's weight.
- The fraction of an object submerged in a fluid is related to the densities of the object and the fluid.
Fluids in Motion
- Laminar flow is smooth, streamlined flow.
- Turbulent flow is characterized by eddies and greater viscosity.
- The mass flow rate is constant at different points in a horizontal pipe (as long as no fluid is added or removed). ρ₁A₁v₁ = ρ₂A₂v₂, where ρ is density, A is the cross-sectional area, and v is the fluid speed.
Bernoulli's Equation
- Bernoulli's equation describes relationships between pressure, fluid speed, and height in a flowing fluid.
- P₁ + ½ρv₁² + ρgy₁ = P₂ + ½ρv₂² + ρgy₂, where P is pressure, ρ is fluid density, v is fluid speed, and y is height.
Applications of Bernoulli's Principle
- Bernoulli's principle explains lift on airplane wings and other phenomena.
- A venturi meter measures fluid flow by observing pressure differences.
Flow in Tubes and Poiseuille's Equation
- The rate of flow in a tube depends on fluid viscosity, pressure difference, and tube radius. The rate of flow (Q) is given by Poiseuille's equation
- Q =πR4(P1-P2)/8ηL, where R is radius, P1 and P2 are pressures, η is viscosity, and L is length .
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of fluids in this quiz, covering the properties of liquids and gases, density, specific gravity, and pressure principles. Test your understanding of these key concepts in fluid mechanics and their applications in real-world scenarios.
