Physics Chapter 1 & 2: Motion and Kinematics
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Questions and Answers

A car accelerates uniformly from rest. Which of the following statements is correct about the car's motion?

  • The car's velocity increases by the same amount in each equal time interval. (correct)
  • The car covers the same distance in each equal time interval.
  • The car experiences no net force.
  • The car's position changes linearly with time.

    • A projectile is launched at an angle into the air. Neglecting air resistance, what remains constant during its flight?

  • The horizontal component of velocity (correct)
  • The projectile's speed
  • The direction of the acceleration
  • The vertical component of velocity

    • A box is sliding down an inclined plane at a constant speed. Which of the following statements must be true?

  • The net force on the box is directed down the plane.
  • The net force on the box is zero. (correct)
  • There is no friction between the box and the plane.
  • The force of gravity is the only force acting on the box.

    • Two vectors, A and B, have magnitudes of 5 and 8 units respectively. Which of the following could NOT be the magnitude of their resultant vector?

    <p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An object is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following is correct about the sign of velocity and acceleration at the highest point?

    <p>Velocity is zero, acceleration is negative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A student walks 5 meters east, then 12 meters north. What is the magnitude of the student's displacement?

    <p>13 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A force of 10 N is applied to a 2 kg mass. What is the acceleration of the mass?

    <p>5 m/s^2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios violates Newton's First Law?

    <p>A hockey puck sliding on ice comes to a stop due to friction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Motion

    Change in an object's position over time.

    Displacement (Δx)

    Change in position, calculated as final position - initial position.

    Velocity (v)

    Rate of change of position, calculated as Δx / Δt.

    Acceleration (α)

    Rate of change of velocity, calculated as Δv / Δt.

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    Newton's First Law

    An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

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    Newton's Second Law

    The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, expressed as F = ma.

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    Newton's Third Law

    For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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    Free Body Diagram

    A graphical illustration used to visualize the forces acting on an object.

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    Study Notes

    Physics Study Guide

    • Chapter 1: Concepts of Motion
      • Motion: Change in an object's position over time.
      • Position (Δx): Location relative to a reference point.
      • Displacement (Δx): Change in position, calculated as final position minus initial position.
      • Uniform Motion: Equal displacement per time interval.
      • Accelerated Motion: Increasing or decreasing displacement per time interval.
      • Position vs. Time Graph: Slope = velocity.
      • Velocity vs. Time Graph: Slope = acceleration.
      • Scalars: Magnitude only (e.g., speed, distance, mass).
      • Vectors: Magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, displacement, force).

    Chapter 2: Kinematics in One Dimension

    • Velocity (v): Rate of change of position. v = Δx / Δt
    • Acceleration (a): Rate of change of velocity. a = Δv / Δt
    • Equations of Motion (Constant Acceleration):
      • v = v₀ + at
      • x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²
      • v² = v₀² + 2a(x - x₀)
    • Free Fall: Motion under gravity alone; a = g = 9.8 m/s². Equations remain the same, with acceleration replaced by g.

    Chapter 3: Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions

    • Vector Components: Any vector can be decomposed into components. Aₓ = A cosθ Aᵧ = A sinθ
    • Adding Vectors: Graphically (tip-to-tail method) or algebraically. Rₓ = Aₓ + Bₓ , Rᵧ = Aᵧ + Bᵧ , R = √(Rₓ² + Rᵧ²) , θ = tan⁻¹(Rᵧ / Rₓ)
    • Projectile Motion:
      • Horizontal motion: x = v₀ₓt
      • Vertical motion: y = v₀ᵧt - ½gt²
      • Time of flight: t = (2v₀ᵧ) / g

    Chapter 4: Newton's Laws of Motion

    • Newton's First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
    • Newton's Second Law (Force & Acceleration): F = ma. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
    • Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
    • Free Body Diagrams: Illustrate all forces acting on an object.
    • Graphs and Visual Representations:
      • Position vs. Time Graphs (Slope = velocity)
      • Velocity vs. Time Graphs (Slope = acceleration, Area = displacement)
      • Acceleration vs. Time Graphs (Area = change in velocity)

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    Physics Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of motion and kinematics from Physics Chapters 1 and 2. This quiz covers topics such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and graphical analysis of motion. Evaluate your grasp on scalar and vector quantities as well.

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