Physics Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the SI unit for measuring length?

  • kilometre
  • millimetre
  • centimetre
  • metre (correct)

    • A scalar quantity requires both magnitude and direction.

    False

    What formula is used to calculate the volume of a cylinder?

    V = πr²h

    The unit used to measure time is the ______.

    <p>second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following units to their corresponding measurement types:

    <p>m = Length s = Time m² = Area m³ = Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a vector quantity?

    <p>velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1 kilometre is equal to 10² metres.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area formula for a rectangle?

    <p>area = length × breadth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications utilize ultraviolet rays?

    <p>Artificial skin-tanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    X-rays have larger wavelengths than ultraviolet rays.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signals have higher transmission rates, digital or analog?

    <p>Digital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sound waves, regions where air molecules are densely packed together are called ______.

    <p>compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Frequency = Number of complete wave cycles per second Wavelength = Distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefactions Rarefaction = Regions where air molecules are less densely packed Compression = Regions where air molecules are densely packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gamma rays are primarily used for which of the following purposes?

    <p>Cancer detection and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analog signals are continuous and vary in amplitude and frequency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle do infrared optical fibers use to transmit data efficiently?

    <p>Total internal reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle?

    <p>The light undergoes total internal reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diverging lens has a real principal focus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the critical angle (c) and the refractive index (n)?

    <p>sin(c) = 1/n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When white light passes through a prism, it separates into a band of colors called a __________.

    <p>spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of lenses with their characteristics:

    <p>Converging Lens = Thickest in the center and bends light inwards Diverging Lens = Thinnest in the center and spreads light out Principal Focus = Point where refracted rays converge Optical Center = The center point of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the angle of incidence on the angle of refraction when passing from a denser to a less dense medium?

    <p>The angle of refraction increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bending of light by a prism results in a phenomenon known as refraction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a ray of light that is parallel to the principal axis when it passes through a converging lens?

    <p>It refracts and converges at the principal focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the speed of sound?

    <p>v = fλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans can hear sounds above 20,000Hz at all ages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate speed of sound in water?

    <p>1500 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pitch of a sound is determined by its _________.

    <p>frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mediums with their speed of sound:

    <p>Air = 330-350 m/s Water = 1500 m/s Steel = 5100 m/s Echo method = Formula v = 2d/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the loudness of a sound?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An echo is created when sound waves reflect off soft surfaces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used in the echo method to calculate the speed of sound?

    <p>v = 2d/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electric charges of the same type when they are brought close together?

    <p>They repel each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons can freely move in insulators.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on an electron?

    <p>1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by adding more ______ around the core.

    <p>turns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about electric fields is true?

    <p>Electric fields exert forces on charges in the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions to their corresponding types:

    <p>Insulators = Electrons are firmly bound to atoms Conductors = Electrons can move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing the current have on an electromagnet?

    <p>It strengthens the magnetism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protons and electrons have the same charge magnitude but opposite signs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of an electric field?

    <p>Towards positive charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conventional current flows from negative to positive terminals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for measuring electric current?

    <p>ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula to calculate charge is given by Q = I × ______.

    <p>t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Units and Basic Quantities

    • A standard unit must be chosen before a measurement is made.
    • Three basic quantities are measured in physics: length, mass, and time.
    • Units for other quantities are derived from length, mass, and time.
    • The SI (Système International d'Unités) system is a common unit system.

    Length

    • Unit of length: metre (m)
    • 1 decimetre (dm) = 10⁻¹ m
    • 1 centimetre (cm) = 10⁻² m
    • 1 millimetre (mm) = 10⁻³ m
    • 1 micrometre (µm) = 10⁻⁶ m
    • 1 nanometre (nm) = 10⁻⁹ m
    • Multiples for large distances:
      • 1 kilometre (km) = 10³ m
      • 1 gigametre (Gm) = 10⁹ m
    • Length measurements are made using rulers, meter rules, or tape measures.

    Area

    • Area of a square with 1 cm sides is 1 cm².
    • Area = length × breadth
    • SI unit of area: square metre (m²).

    Volume

    • Volume is the amount of space occupied.
    • Unit of volume: cubic metre (m³).
    • Common unit for volume: cubic centimetre (cm³).
    • Volume of a cylinder: V = πr²h.
    • Measuring cylinders can measure liquid volume.

    Time

    • Unit of time: second (s).
    • Time-measuring devices use oscillations.
    • Choose a precise timer for the task.

    Scalars and Vectors

    • Scalar quantity has magnitude only (e.g., distance, speed, time, mass, pressure, energy, temperature).
    • Vector quantity has both magnitude and direction (e.g., force, gravitational field strength, electric field strength, weight, velocity, acceleration, momentum).
    • Vectors are represented by a straight line with an arrow.
    • Adding scalars uses standard arithmetic.
    • Adding vectors uses geometric methods.
    • For two vectors at right angles, resultant magnitude = √(Fx² + Fy²).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on fundamental physics concepts, including measurements, waves, and signal types. This quiz covers essential topics such as units of measurement, formulas for volume and area, and properties of various types of waves. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of basic physics principles.

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