Physics Basics

Branches of Physics

• Mechanics: Study of motion, forces, and energy.
• Thermodynamics: Study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer.
• Electromagnetism: Study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves.
• Optics: Study of light, its properties, and behavior.
• Quantum Mechanics: Study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
• Relativity: Study of the nature of space and time.

Fundamental Concepts

• Space: Three-dimensional expanse that makes up our universe.
• Time: Measure of the duration between events.
• Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass.
• Energy: Ability to do work or cause change.
• Force: Push or pull that causes an object to change its motion.
• Mass: Measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Laws of Physics

• Law of Universal Gravitation: Every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
• Newton's Laws of Motion:
  1. First Law: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
  2. Second Law: The force applied to an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration.
  3. Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• Conservation of Energy: The total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time.
• Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant over time.

Key Physicists

• Isaac Newton: Developed laws of motion and universal gravitation.
• Albert Einstein: Developed theory of relativity and famous equation E=mc^2.
• Marie Curie: Discovered radioactive elements and pioneered radioactivity research.
• Max Planck: Introduced concept of quantized energy and founded quantum theory.
• Galileo Galilei: Contributed to the development of modern physics and astronomy.