Physics BAS-101 Lecture 2 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to two charges of the same electrical sign when they are brought close to each other?

They repel each other. (correct)

They attract each other.

They become electrically neutral.

They lose their charge.

If an object is electrically neutral, what can be said about the amounts of its positive and negative charges?

Positive charge exceeds negative charge.

Charge can neither be positive nor negative.

Negative charge exceeds positive charge.

Both charges are equal. (correct)

What is the interaction of charged objects primarily based on?

Transformation of charge between objects. (correct)

Movement of water through conductors.

Temperature differences between the objects.

Magnetic fields generated by the objects.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, what charge does it acquire?

Unbalanced positive charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which materials are known for allowing electrical charge to move freely through them?

Conductors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a test charge in the context of an electric field?

A charge used to measure electric force. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle describes how multiple electric fields from different sources combine?

Superposition Principle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an object gaining an unbalanced negative charge?

It repels positive charges. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between charge (q) and potential difference (V) in a capacitor?

They are proportional to each other. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the potential difference across a capacitor when a dielectric is inserted?

It decreases. Signup and view all the answers

The dielectric constant (k) of a material has what effect on the capacitance of a capacitor?

It increases the capacitance. Signup and view all the answers

What unit is primarily used to measure capacitance?

Farad Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between capacitance (C) and the geometry of the plates?

Capacitance depends on plate distance and areas of the plates. Signup and view all the answers

What does a larger capacitance imply regarding the charge required for a given potential difference?

More charge is required. Signup and view all the answers

The potential difference across a capacitor without a dielectric is expressed by which formula?

∆V = Q0 / C0 Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the effect of a dielectric on voltage when k > 1?

Voltage decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the product of the magnitude of the electric field E and the surface area A perpendicular to the field?

Electric flux Signup and view all the answers

According to Gauss's law, the total electric flux through a closed surface is dependent on which of the following?

The magnitude of charge enclosed by the surface Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the net electric flux through a closed surface, what does the variable En represent?

The component of the electric field normal to the surface Signup and view all the answers

What does the line density of electric field lines indicate?

Magnitude of the electric field Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the electric flux through a closed surface and the charge configuration inside?

The electric flux is equal regardless of charge position. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the electric field lines in relation to the surface when they are perpendicular to a rectangular surface of area A?

They penetrate the surface without bending. Signup and view all the answers

In a parallel-plate capacitor, the charges on the plates are characterized how?

Both plates have charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental characteristic of the shape of the closed surface concerning the net electric flux?

The shape has no effect on the net electric flux. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course Title: Physics
Course Code: BAS-101
Level: First Level
Semester: Fall Semester
Academic Year: 2024-2025
Instructors:
- Ass. Prof. Mohamed Abdelghany
- Dr. Nermin Ali Abdelhakim
- Dr. Enas lotfy

Lecture Information

Faculty of AI, Level 1, Physics
Lecture 2 (pages 1-8)
Lecture 3 (pages 31-37)
Lecture 4 (pages 53-74)
Lecture 5 (pages 75-97)

Foundations of Electricity (Lecture 2)

Electric Charge:
- Every object has a vast amount of electric charge.
- Charge can be positive or negative.
- Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
- An object with equal amounts of positive and negative charge is electrically neutral.
Electric Current:
- Flow of electric charge.
- Depends on the material and potential difference.
- Defined as the rate at which charge passes through a surface.
Conductors:
- Materials that allow charges to move freely (e.g., metals).
Insulators:
- Materials that do not allow charges to move freely (e.g., rubber, plastic, glass).
Semiconductors:
- Materials with conductivity intermediate between conductors and insulators (e.g., silicon, germanium).
Superconductors:
- Materials with zero electrical resistance.

Electric Field Lines (Lecture 3)

Imaginary lines representing the electric field's direction.
Field lines originate from positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
The number of field lines per unit area is proportional to the electric field magnitude.
Electric fields are stronger where field lines are closer together.

Capacitance (Lecture 4)

Capacitor: Two isolated conductors.
Parallel-Plate Capacitor: Two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d.
- When charged, have equal and opposite charges (+q and -q) on the plates.
Capacitance (C): Measure of how much charge is needed to produce a given potential difference between the plates (Q=CV).
Units: Farads (F), microfarads (µF), picofarads (pF).
Purpose of Capacitors:
- Storing charge.
- Storing energy (U = Q²/2C).

Capacitors in Circuits (Lecture 4)

Capacitors in Parallel:
- Same voltage across each capacitor.
- Total capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances (C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + C₃).
Capacitors in Series:
- Same charge on each capacitor.
- Reciprocal of total capacitance is the sum of the reciprocals of individual capacitances (1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃).

Capacitor with a Dielectric (Lecture 5)

Dielectric: Non-conducting material (e.g., rubber, glass).
When a dielectric is inserted, the capacitance increases by a factor k (dielectric constant), which is greater than 1 (C = kC_o).

Laws of Circuit Theory (Lecture 5)

Ohm's Law: Voltage (V) across a resistor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it (V=IR).
Resistor: Element that resists current flow (measured in ohms, Ω).
Short Circuit: Resistor with negligible resistance (approaching 0 Ω).
Open Circuit: Resistor with infinite resistance (approaching ∞ Ω).

Nodes, Branches, and Loops (Lecture 5)

Branch: Part of a circuit containing a single element (e.g., resistor).
Node: Point connecting two or more branches.
Loop: Closed path in a circuit.
Series elements: Share single node, same current.
Parallel elements: Connected to same two nodes, same voltage.

Kirchhoff's Laws (Lecture 5)

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): Current entering a node equals the current leaving it.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): Sum of voltage drops around a closed loop equals 0.

Series Resistors and Voltage Division (Lecture )

Resistors are in series when the same current flows through each resistor.
The equivalent resistance is the sum of individual resistances (R_eq = R₁ + R₂ +...).
The voltage across each resistor is proportional to its resistance (voltage division).

Parallel Resistors and Current Division (Lecture 7)

Resistors are in parallel when they have the same voltage across them.
The reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances(1/R_eq=1/R₁+1/R₂+...).
The current through each resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance (current division).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of electricity covered in Lecture 2 of the Physics BAS-101 course. This quiz will assess your understanding of concepts such as electric charge, current, and the properties of conductors and insulators. Prepare to apply what you've learned about electricity in practical scenarios.