Physics B-2 Module Statics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of pressure?

  • Weight of a substance per volume
  • Force per unit area (correct)
  • Density multiplied by acceleration
  • Volume per unit mass

Which factor does NOT affect the pressure exerted by a column of fluid in an open container?

  • Gravity
  • Density of the fluid
  • Volume of the liquid (correct)
  • Vertical height of the column

In the context of gases, what happens to the molecules when a substance is heated?

  • They become denser and heavier
  • They slow down and clump together
  • They escape from the container completely
  • They move around more rapidly (correct)

Which statement about liquids and gases is accurate?

<p>Liquids are incompressible while gases are compressible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the pressure of Block A calculated, given it has a force of 1000 N acting over an area of 4 m²?

<p>250 N/m² (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What remains constant in a liquid despite changes in pressure?

<p>Density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically does not occur when gas molecules collide with a container's walls?

<p>Decrease in thermal energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct relationship represented by density?

<p>Mass per unit volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to rectify an unbalanced rotating component?

<p>Shift the center of gravity to coincide with the center of rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a propeller is perfectly balanced?

<p>It remains stationary in any position to which it is turned (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not commonly balanced during manufacturing?

<p>Insulating materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating stress on an object?

<p>Stress = F / A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hooke's Law, what happens if the stress applied to a material is doubled?

<p>Strain will also double (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does strain measure in relation to a material?

<p>The degree of deformation due to stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition leads to excessive vibration in a high-speed rotating component?

<p>Tiny amount of unbalance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if the strain exceeds a material's elastic limit?

<p>The material will fracture and cannot recover (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress develops in the direction opposite to the twist during torsion?

<p>Tensile stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon often leads to internal stress during heat treatment of metals?

<p>Abrupt temperature changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fatigue failure in components is primarily caused by which of the following?

<p>Repeated small load applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initiating point for a fatigue crack in materials?

<p>Point of highest tensile stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a 'stress raiser' that can lead to fatigue failure?

<p>Surface scratches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Residual stress can be beneficial in which scenario?

<p>Controlled crazing of glass components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of failures are fatigue failures compared to overload failures?

<p>More frequent in metal components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process can lead to the formation of internal stress in materials?

<p>Improper shaping or heat treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a force?

<p>A force can produce a change in an object's state of motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a vector to be fully defined?

<p>Magnitude and direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct process for adding vectors?

<p>Move one vector's tail to the head of the other without changing their orientation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a scalar quantity?

<p>A quantity defined solely by its size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress is defined as a force that tends to stretch a material?

<p>Tension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a couple in terms of forces?

<p>Two forces that cause rotation without translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential to calculate pressure in a fluid?

<p>Density of the fluid and gravitational acceleration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does buoyancy act on an object?

<p>When the object is submerged in a fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines atmospheric pressure at a given location?

<p>The weight of the column of air above that location (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is absolute pressure calculated?

<p>Gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the differential pressure experienced by an aircraft cruising at 29,000 ft with an outside pressure of 4.4 psi and an internal cabin pressure of 11 psi?

<p>6.6 psi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes solids?

<p>Most metals, when solid, are hard, strong, and can be shaped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does a fluid have at any point on the surface of a submerged object?

<p>Force is perpendicular to the surface of the object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pressure reading is displayed on a tire pressure gauge?

<p>Gauge Pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the properties of solids compared to liquids and gases?

<p>Solids maintain a definite shape and volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?

<p>Atmospheric pressure decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the velocity ratio indicate in a pulley system with a mechanical advantage (MA) of 4?

<p>The rope is pulled four times faster than the load is raised. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'couple' in terms of forces and moments?

<p>Two equal forces acting in parallel but opposite directions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the torque produced by a couple calculated?

<p>T = F x b Nm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Centre of Gravity (CG) of an object?

<p>The point where the weight appears to act, regardless of orientation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the Centre of Gravity (CG) be determined for an irregularly shaped solid?

<p>By hanging it from multiple points and finding the intersection of verticals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an object is suspended, where does it tend to position itself?

<p>With its CG directly under the point of suspension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does the CG of uniformly dense regular-shaped bodies have?

<p>It coincides with the geometric center of the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the weight of a body concerning its Centre of Gravity?

<p>It is considered to act downward through the vertical passing through the CG. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pressure in Liquids/Gases

Force per unit area exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas).

Fluid

A substance that can flow, including liquids and gases.

Incompressible Fluid

A fluid with constant density (e.g., liquid).

Compressible Fluid

A fluid with changing density (e.g., gas).

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Pressure in a fluid column

Determined by height of the column, gravity and density of the fluid.

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Density

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

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Specific Gravity

Comparison of density of a substance to water.

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Pressure = Force/Area

Mathematical relationship between Pressure, Force and Area

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Balancing Rotating Components

Adjusting the center of gravity (CG) of a rotating part to match the center of rotation, preventing vibrations.

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Mass Balancing

Balancing rotating components by adding/removing material from the heavier side to achieve a stable, stationary state during rotation.

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Stress

External force acting on an object per unit cross-sectional area.

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Strain

Measure of deformation caused by stress.

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Elasticity

Material's ability to return to its original shape after stress is removed.

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Elastic Limit

Maximum stress a material can withstand and still return to its original shape

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Hooke's Law

Stress is directly proportional to strain when within the elastic limit.

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High-Speed Rotating Components

Components like generators, magnetos, and gyroscopes, requiring careful balancing to prevent excessive vibrations during high-speed operation.

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Force

A force is something that causes a change in an object's motion. It can make an object start moving, stop moving, speed up, or slow down.

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Vector

A vector has both size (magnitude) and direction.

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Scalar

A scalar quantity only has size (magnitude).

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Vector Addition

Adding vectors involves placing the tail of one vector at the head of another, then drawing a resultant vector from the tail of the first to the head of the second.

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Resultant

The combined effect of adding vectors.

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Magnitude

Size of a quantity (either scalar or vector).

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Direction

The path or orientation of a vector.

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Simple machines

Machines that change the direction or magnitude of force.

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Velocity Ratio

The ratio of the speed of the input to the speed of the output in a mechanical system.

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Mechanical Advantage (MA)

The ratio of the output force to the input force in a mechanical system.

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What is a 'couple' in mechanics?

A pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a rigid body, causing it to rotate.

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Centre of Gravity (CG)

The point where all the weight of a body can be considered to act.

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How to find the CG of an irregular shape

Suspend the object from two different points and draw vertical lines down from the suspension points. The intersection of these lines marks the CG.

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Weight acts through the CG

We can imagine the entire weight of a body acting down through the vertical line passing through its CG.

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Residual Stress

Internal stress in a material caused by uneven temperature changes, often during heat treatment.

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Fatigue Failure

A type of failure caused by repeated small loads, leading to progressive crack growth and sudden breakage.

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Stress Raisers

Surface imperfections like nicks, cracks, or sudden changes in shape that concentrate stress, potentially causing fatigue failures.

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Twisting Stress

In the direction of the twist, there is compression stress. In the opposite direction, there is tension stress.

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Compression Stress

Stress that squeezes or compresses a material.

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Tension Stress

Stress that stretches or pulls a material apart.

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Fatigue failure locations

Common in aircraft and cars. Failure happens from the most tensile stress points or stress raisers.

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Preventing Fatigue Failure

Avoiding sharp edges, surface damage, and material flaws prevents these failures from happening.

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Atmospheric Pressure

The weight of the air column above a location.

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Absolute Pressure

The total pressure at a point including atmospheric pressure.

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Gauge Pressure

The pressure difference between the measured pressure and atmospheric pressure.

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Differential Pressure

The difference in pressure between two points, such as inside and outside of an aircraft.

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Solids

Substances with definite shape and volume, held together by strong bonds.

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Force on a Submerged Object

The force a fluid exerts on an object is perpendicular to the object's surface.

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What makes Solids hold their shape?

Strong forces between atoms or molecules keep the solid rigid, resisting change in shape.

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Study Notes

Module: B-2 Physics, Topic 2.2.1 Statics

  • Statics covers forces, moments, couples, and their interaction
  • Simple machines and mechanical advantage are part of this topic
  • The center of gravity of a mass is described
  • Concepts of stress, strain, and elasticity are explored, including tension, compression, shear, and torsion
  • Solids, fluids, and gases are discussed, along with their properties
  • The action of pressure and buoyancy in liquids is explored using barometers
  • Force is defined as that which produces change in a body's state of motion
  • Force can start, stop, accelerate, or decelerate a mass
  • Force can be used to do work if energy is available
  • Vectors need both magnitude (size) and direction for full definition
  • Scalars are defined by magnitude only (e.g., temperature, length, time)
  • Vector addition involves placing one vector's tail at the head of another, then connecting the tail of the first vector to the head of the second vector
  • Resolving a vector involves finding its components (horizontal and vertical) using trigonometric ratios
  • Equilibrium occurs when the resultant force of all forces acting on an object is zero, meaning the object's state of motion or rest isn't altered
  • Moments are the product of force and the distance from a fulcrum
  • Levers are simple machines used to perform work by moving a load using an effort, pivoting around a fulcrum
  • There are three main classes of levers (first, second, and third class).
    • First-class levers have the fulcrum between the load and the effort; a crowbar is an example.
    • Second-class levers have the load between the fulcrum and the effort; a wheelbarrow is an example.
    • Third-class levers have the effort between the fulcrum and the load; ice tongs are an example. -Mechanical advantage (MA) is the ratio of the load to the effort
  • A velocity ratio relates the speeds at which a system's inputs and outputs operate
  • A couple is a moment produced by two equal but opposite forces acting on a body around an axis, causing torque or twisting
  • The center of gravity (CG) of a body is the point where its weight acts, regardless of its position
  • Uniformly dense, regularly shaped objects have their CG at their geometric center
  • Irregularly shaped objects have their CG found by suspending the object from multiple points, using the intersection of the vertical lines as the CG
  • The entire weight of a body acts vertically through the center of gravity
  • Shifting the center of gravity influences how the body will stay balanced
  • Objects of regular shape, like discs and wheels can be balanced, but factors like variation in density, structure or wear may disrupt their center of gravity requiring adjustment
  • Fatigue is caused by repeated loads over time, leading to failure
  • Damage or changes in shape or thickness can cause stress concentration points, predisposing an object to failure.
  • Buoyancy and pressure in liquids and gases are similar
  • Liquids are considered incompressible; gases are compressible
  • Pressure is defined as force per unit area
  • Atmospheric pressure changes based on the weight of air above a location
  • Gauge pressure is relative (above or below atmospheric pressure)
  • Absolute pressure is the gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure

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B-2 Physics Statics PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of statics in physics, focusing on forces, moments, and the mechanics of simple machines. Explore concepts such as stress, strain, elasticity, and the behavior of solids, fluids, and gases. This quiz also addresses vector and scalar quantities, as well as their applications in real-world scenarios.

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