Physical Trauma: Types of Lesions and Healing Process

Learn about the characteristics of physical trauma, including primary and secondary lesions, and how the immune system responds to injury. Understand the differences between benign and malignant lesions and the progression of physical trauma.

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@AuthoritativeCloisonnism

Questions and Answers

Match the type of lesion with its characteristic:

Primary Lesion = Originates on previously healthy skin Secondary Lesion = Evolution of primary lesion Chronic Wound = Impaired wound healing due to medical conditions Acute Wound = Enhanced immune response with pro-inflammatory mediators

Match the feature with the type of wound:

Infection = Acute Wound Hypoxia = Chronic Wound Heightened immune response = Acute Wound Impaired tissue healing = Chronic Wound

Match the type of cell with its function in the healing process:

Neutrophils = Migration to the injury site Mast cells = Promoting vasodilation to recruit more immune cells Macrophages = Differentiation from monocytes Epithelial cells = Proliferation in the healing process

Match the drug with its effect on wound healing:

Glucocorticoids = Impairing wound healing NSAIDs = Impeding tissue proliferation Anti-coagulants = Impairing blood clotting Immunosuppressants = Inhibiting immune response Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its effect on wound healing:

Diabetes = Impairing wound healing Smoking = Reducing tissue oxygenation Obesity = Impairing wound healing Myocardial infarction = Impairing wound healing Signup and view all the answers

Match the mediator with its function in the healing process:

TNF = Pro-inflammatory mediator KGF = Pro-inflammatory mediator Pro-inflammatory mediators = Enhancing immune response Cytokines = Promoting inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic with the type of lesion:

Different from surrounding skin = Primary Lesion or Secondary Lesion Benign and harmless = Primary Lesion Result of physical assault or treatment = Secondary Lesion Associated with a direct cause = Primary Lesion Signup and view all the answers

Match the phase with the process in wound healing:

Release of pro-inflammatory mediators = Immune response Differentiation of monocytes = Immune response Migration of neutrophils and macrophages = Immune response Epithelial cell proliferation = Tissue repair Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Trauma and Lesions

Characteristics of lesions: different from surrounding skin, usually benign and harmless but may progress to become malignant

Types of Lesions

Primary Lesion: originates on previously healthy skin, associated with a direct cause
Secondary Lesion: evolution of primary lesion, due to physical assault or treatment progression

Healing Process

Immune response to injury involves: • Release of pro-inflammatory mediators • Monocytes differentiating • Migration of neutrophils and macrophages • Mast cells promoting vasodilation to recruit immune cells • Epithelial cells proliferating

Acute Wounds

Features: • Infection, decreased angiogenesis, impaired tissue healing • Heightened immune response with: • Enhanced mast cells, TC, and TH cells • High levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, KGF) leading to poor tissue proliferation, vascularization, and tissue fibrosis

Chronic Wounds

Impaired wound healing due to medical conditions: • Hypoxia, infection, smoking, alcohol, obesity, diabetes, myocardial infarction, immunocompromised patients, etc.
Impaired wound healing due to drugs: • Glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, anti-platelets, anti-coagulants, cytotoxic agents (e.g., chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators), illicit substances, etc.