Physical Therapy Conditions and Development
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Physical Therapy Conditions and Development

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Questions and Answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to low back pain?

  • Age
  • Muscle strength
  • Height (correct)
  • Smoking

    • What is the mechanism of injury for the posterior cruciate ligament?

  • A forceful landing on anterior tibia with knee hyperflexed (correct)
  • Internal rotation of leg with external rotation of body
  • An anterior force to tibia while foot is fixed
  • A valgus force to knee while foot is fixed

    • What is a strangulated stump with distal edema commonly referred to as?

  • Contact dermatitis
  • Choke syndrome (correct)
  • Neuroma
  • Infected syndrome

    • How can a patient reduce the risk for deep venous thrombosis?

    <p>Elevating the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure can cause posterior interosseous nerve compression?

    <p>Arcade of Frohse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can a hearing aid be given to a hearing impaired child?

    <p>Less than 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which involuntary movement is least likely to respond to physical or occupational therapy?

    <p>Chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most objective test for diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

    <p>EMG-NCV test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a short or absent neck due to fusion of cervical vertebrae?

    <p>Klippel-Feil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mat activities for a T11 paraplegic who wishes to roll from supine to prone, which technique is NOT applicable?

    <p>Crossing the ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which milestone is not expected to be achieved before 9 months of age for a normal baby?

    <p>Cruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average effort required for stair climbing in METS?

    <p>6-8 METS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anterior spinal cord syndrome, which sensation is preserved?

    <p>Proprioception and position sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by painful dysesthesias at the soles and toes with weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

    <p>Tarsal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardiac complication is a consequence of immobilization?

    <p>Increased cardiac size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT expected to be performed independently by a C7 quadriplegic patient?

    <p>Floor to wheelchair transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOST appropriate physical therapy goal for a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Prevention of contractures and determination of the best method of mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children with trisomy 21 should avoid contact sports primarily due to which reason?

    <p>Predisposition to atlanto-axial instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A suction suspension for an above-knee prosthesis is typically indicated in which population?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal cord injury level is at the highest risk for autonomic dysreflexia?

    <p>T4-T6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, what position does a static wrist orthosis typically place the wrist in?

    <p>20-50 degrees extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise is not recommended for patients with osteoporosis?

    <p>Trunk flexion exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volkmann's ischemic contracture is associated with a fracture of which bone?

    <p>Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person's maximum heart rate can be estimated by subtracting their age from which value?

    <p>220</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is classified as a neuromuscular junction disorder?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of emotional adjustment is characterized by anger and non-compliance to rehabilitation?

    <p>Anger reaction stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is an anterior stop in an AFO mainly used?

    <p>Weak foot muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major complication associated with pressure ulcers?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the most common site of pressure ulcers in individuals on bed rest?

    <p>Sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of cerebral palsy is often secondary to Rh incompatibility?

    <p>Dyskinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin graft involves a donor from a different patient?

    <p>Allograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding fertility in female patients with spinal cord injuries?

    <p>The ability to bear children is usually not affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary focus of care for a patient with a 7-year history of Parkinson’s disease who is ambulatory but requires close supervision?

    <p>Caregiver training for contact guarding during level walking and stairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate recommendation for an elderly patient in early stages of ALS who refuses to use a bedpan?

    <p>Recommend use of a commode chair for the bedroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In treating a patient with late-stage bronchial carcinoma, which treatment should be prioritized?

    <p>Pain control and comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does decreased breath sounds and decreased fremitus most likely indicate in a respiratory assessment?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the respiratory center located in the brain?

    <p>Pons and Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal volume of dead space air in the lungs?

    <p>150 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gait deviations for an AK prosthesis, which issue does NOT typically occur during the swing phase?

    <p>Foot drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased fremitus during a respiratory assessment?

    <p>Consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Klippel-Feil Syndrome

    • Characterized by a short or absent neck due to fusion of cervical vertebrae.

    Paraplegia

    • T11 Paraplegic rolling from supine to prone:
      • Techniques include flexion of the trunk, crossing the ankles, and bilateral UE rocking with outstretched arms.
      • Extension of the head and neck is NOT recommended.

    Infant Development

    • Milestones expected by 9 months of age:
      • Creeping
      • Rolling from prone to supine
      • Sitting independently
      • Cruising

    METS

    • Average stair-climbing effort requires 6-8 METS.

    Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome

    • Unilateral loss of temperature.
    • Sacral sparing occurs.
    • Pain and temperature sensations are intact.
    • Proprioception and position sense are spared.

    Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

    • Characterized by painful dysesthesias at the soles and toes, with weakness of the intrinsic foot muscles.

    Immobilization and Cardiac Complications

    • Immobilization can lead to decreased cardiac output and increased cardiac size.
    • Stroke volume and heart rate may be affected.

    Quadriplegia

    • C7 quadriplegic patients should be able to perform independently:
      • Sitting board transfer
      • Sliding board transfer
      • Wheelchair to car transfer
      • Floor to wheelchair transfer is NOT typically expected independently.

    Downhill Running

    • Commonly associated with Achilles tendonitis.

    Low Back Pain Contributing Factors

    • Height, age, and smoking can contribute to low back pain.
    • Muscle strength is NOT typically considered a contributing factor.

    Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

    • Mechanism of injury:
      • Forceful landing on anterior tibia with knee hyperflexed.

    Strangulated Stump

    • Characterized by a strangulated stump with distal edema.

    Deep Venous Thrombosis Risk Reduction

    • Elevating the leg reduces the risk of deep venous thrombosis.
    • Shallow breaths, dangling the head, and immobilization do not reduce the risk.

    Posterior Interosseous Nerve Compression

    • Structures that can compress the posterior interosseous nerve include:
      • Ligament of Struthers
      • Arcade of Frohse
      • Pronator teres
      • Osborne's fascia

    Hearing Aid Use

    • A hearing aid can be given to a hearing-impaired child starting at 3 years old.

    Involuntary Movements

    • Chorea is an involuntary movement that does not respond to physical or occupational therapy.

    Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis

    • The most objective test for diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is EMG-NCV.

    Athletic Trauma

    • The most common site of athletic trauma to joints and overuse injury is the knee.

    Superficial Peroneal Nerve Innervation

    • Innervates the skin on the web space between the first and second toes.

    Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

    • The most appropriate physical therapy goal is the prevention of contractures and determination of the best method of mobility.

    Trisomy 21 and Contact Sports

    • Children with Trisomy 21 should be advised NOT to engage in contact sports due to their predisposition to atlanto-axial instability.

    Suction Suspension Prosthesis

    • Usually indicated for children with above-knee prostheses.

    Autonomic Dysreflexia

    • SC1 patients at the T10-T12 level are at the highest risk for autonomic dysreflexia.

    Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Orthosis

    • Static wrist orthosis for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome positions the wrist at 0-18 degrees of extension.

    Osteoporotic Patient Exercise

    • Avoid trunk flexion exercises for patients with osteoporosis.
    • Weight-bearing exercises, swimming, and bicycling are recommended.

    Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture

    • A complication of a fracture of the radius.

    Benign Tumors

    • Osteogenic sarcoma is NOT a benign tumor.
    • Osteoma, osteochondroma, and chondroma are benign tumors.

    Maximum Heart Rate Estimation

    • Estimated by subtracting age from 220.

    Froment's Test

    • Tests the function of the ulnar nerve.

    Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

    • Myasthenia gravis is a disorder of the neuromuscular junction.

    Emotional Adjustment Disability Stages

    • The anger reaction stage is characterized by animosity, anger, negativism, and non-compliance with rehabilitation procedures.

    AFO Anterior Stop

    • Used in patients with weak calf muscles.

    Pressure Ulcer Complications

    • The most common complication associated with pressure ulcers is infection.

    Pressure Ulcer Location

    • The most common site for pressure ulcers in bed-level patients is the sacrum.

    Cerebral Palsy Classification

    • Spastic cerebral palsy can be secondary to Rh incompatibility or kernicterus.

    Skin Grafts

    • A heterograft (xenograft) is a skin graft taken from a donor of a different species.

    Spinal Cord Injury and Fertility

    • The ability to bear children is usually NOT affected for women with spinal cord injuries.

    Prosthetic Hand Pinch

    • Prosthetic hands provide a 3-jaw chuck pinch.

    Object Identification

    • Sensory testing with object identification should be performed in a quiet environment, ideally the patient's room.

    Parkinson's Disease

    • The focus of physical therapy for a patient with Parkinson's disease is to address mobility and safety concerns like falls. This includes:
      • Transfer and wheelchair training
      • Caregiver training for contact guarding during level walking and stairs
      • Locomotor training using a rolling walker

    Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

    • Physical therapy for early-stage ALS focuses on maintaining functional independence and addressing mobility challenges:
      • Recommend use of a commode chair for the bedroom.

    Palliative Care

    • The most important aspect of physical therapy in palliative care is to provide pain control and comfort for patients with late-stage conditions.

    Respiratory Assessment

    • Decreased breath sounds and decreased fremitus are most indicative of atelectasis.

    Respiratory System

    • The respiratory center is located in the pons and medulla oblongata.
    • The normal volume of dead space air is approximately 150 ml.

    AK Prosthesis Gait Deviations

    • Swing phase deviations can include:
      • Insufficient knee flexion
      • Excessive knee flexion
      • Knee hyperextension
      • Inadequate foot clearance
      • Circumduction
      • Abduction/Adduction

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    Description

    This quiz covers various physical therapy conditions, including Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Paraplegia, and Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome. Additionally, it addresses infant development milestones and the implications of immobilization on cardiac health. Test your knowledge on these critical topics in physical rehabilitation and development.

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