Physical Signaling and Encoding Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the maximum capacity of a medium to carry data?

Goodput

Latency

Bandwidth (correct)

Throughput

Goodput measures the total amount of data transferred, including overhead.

False

What is the difference between throughput and goodput?

Throughput measures the transfer of bits over time, while goodput measures the usable data transferred excluding overhead.

In a LAN with a bandwidth of 100 Mbps, the actual rate of usable data received is referred to as __________.

goodput Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its correct definition:

Bandwidth = Capacity to carry data Throughput = Transfer rate of bits over time Goodput = Usable data transferred over time Latency = Delay in data transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using encoding before placing signals on the media?

To improve efficiency at higher speed data transmission Signup and view all the answers

Encoding techniques use bit patterns known as symbols.

True Signup and view all the answers

What do code groups help distinguish in data transmission?

Data bits from control bits Signup and view all the answers

Using code groups introduces overhead in the form of extra bits to transmit, which improves the ______________ of a communications link.

robustness Signup and view all the answers

Match the signaling aspects with their functions:

Start of Frame = Indicates the beginning of a data packet End of Frame = Signals the conclusion of data transmission Code Symbols = Represents data and control information Signal Patterns = Facilitates frame detection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using code groups?

Increasing data transmission speed indefinitely Signup and view all the answers

The transition from low to high voltage occurs at the end of the bit time.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical transformation of data bits during encoding, as mentioned?

4 bits of data are turned into 5-bit code symbols Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics can be changed to represent bits on the media?

Amplitude Signup and view all the answers

Frequency modulation can be used as a method of representing bits on the physical medium.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the time a signal occupies the media while representing a bit?

bit time Signup and view all the answers

In Non-Return to Zero (NRZ), a 0 is represented by one ________ level during the bit time.

voltage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Amplitude = A signal characteristic that can represent bits Manchester Encoding = A method that uses voltage transitions to represent bits Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) = A signaling method using different voltage levels for bits Clock = A device that assists in the successful delivery of bits Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling method indicates a 0 by a high to low voltage transition in the middle of the bit time?

Manchester Encoding Signup and view all the answers

Successful delivery of bits does not require the use of a clock.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components defined in the physical layer of communication?

Electronic hardware devices, media, and connectors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Signaling and Encoding

Encoding is the process of grouping bits into symbols.
Encoding before transmission improves data transmission efficiency at faster speeds.
Signal patterns are used for frame detection - by having unique patterns for start and end of frames.
Signal patterns indicate the start of a frame, end of a frame, and frame contents.

Encoding Techniques

Encoding techniques uses bit patterns called symbols.
The physical layer uses a set of encoded symbols called code groups to represent data or control information.
Code groups improve communication link robustness.
Code group advantages: reduce bit-level errors, limit effective energy transmitted, distinguish data from control bits, better media error detection.

Data Carrying Capacity

Data transfer is measured in Bandwidth, Throughput, and Goodput.
Bandwidth is the raw data capacity of the medium.
Throughput is the measured amount of data transferred over a specific period of time.
Goodput is the measure of usable data transferred and is most relevant to network users.

Physical Components

Electronic hardware, media and connectors used to transmit signals representing bits.

Signaling Bits for Media

Frames are transmitted across the media as a stream of individual bits.
Each signal has a specific amount of time to occupy the media – this is called its bit time.
Signaling methods represent bits on the media by modifying amplitude, frequency, or phase of a signal.
A clock synchronizes transmitter and receiver to ensure successful bit delivery.

Signaling Methods

Signaling methods for representing bits on media can be complex.
Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) uses different voltage levels to represent 0 and 1.
Manchester Encoding uses a high-to-low voltage transition in the middle of the bit time to represent 0 and a low-to-high transition to represent 1.

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Description

Test your knowledge on physical signaling and encoding techniques, focusing on how data is grouped, transmitted, and the advantages of using code groups. This quiz covers fundamental concepts like bandwidth, throughput, and goodput in data transfer.