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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a solid from a liquid?
Which of the following is an example of a compound?
What is the term for the process by which a solid changes directly to a gas?
What is the primary difference between an element and a compound?
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What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- Four main states of matter:
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma (high-energy state, not commonly encountered in everyday life)
- Characteristics of each state:
- Solid: fixed shape and volume, particles closely packed
- Liquid: takes shape of container, particles close but able to move past each other
- Gas: takes shape and volume of container, particles widely spaced and freely moving
Types of Matter
- Elements: simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into simpler substances (e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, carbon)
- Compounds: composed of two or more different elements, chemically bonded together (e.g. water, salt, sugar)
- Mixtures: combination of two or more substances, not chemically bonded (e.g. air, soil, blood)
Changes of State
- Phase transitions:
- Melting: solid to liquid
- Freezing: liquid to solid
- Evaporation: liquid to gas
- Condensation: gas to liquid
- Sublimation: solid to gas (e.g. dry ice)
- Deposition: gas to solid (e.g. frost)
- Factors affecting changes of state:
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Surface area
Chemical Properties
- Reactivity: ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction
- Flammability: ability of a substance to catch fire
- Corrosivity: ability of a substance to wear away or destroy other materials
- Toxicity: ability of a substance to cause harm or poison living organisms
Physical Properties
- Color
- Odor
- Texture
- Density
- Solubility
- Boiling and melting points
- Viscosity
- Conductivity (heat, electricity, or sound)
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Description
Test your understanding of the states of matter, types of matter, changes of state, and physical and chemical properties. Learn about the characteristics of solids, liquids, gases, and plasma, and how they change from one state to another.
