Physical Quality of Life Index Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component indicator used in the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Gross Domestic Product per Capita (correct)
  • Life Expectancy at Age One
  • Basic Literacy Rate at Age 15

    • What is the range of values for the PQLI?

  • 0 to 1
  • 1 to 100
  • 10 to 100
  • 0 to 100 (correct)

    • How are negative indicators, like infant mortality rate, treated when calculating the PQLI?

  • They are excluded from the calculation.
  • Their values are inverted to make them positive before averaging.
  • Their values are subtracted from 100 before averaging. (correct)
  • They are given a negative weighting.

    • What does an improvement in the PQLI signify?

    <p>Improved quality of life for a larger proportion of the population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the PQLI and GNP per capita as measures of development?

    <p>The PQLI focuses on social indicators while GNP per capita focuses on economic output. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using the PQLI as a measure of development?

    <p>It is directly correlated with income levels, providing a reliable economic measure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Morris, what does the PQLI measure?

    <p>The outcomes of development efforts in meeting basic human needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the PQLI?

    <p>To evaluate the progress made in addressing basic human needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the PQLI score calculated?

    <p>By averaging the scores of the three component indicators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the PQLI being sensitive to distribution effects?

    <p>It highlights the importance of ensuring that the benefits of development reach a wider proportion of the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) and the Human Development Index (HDI)?

    <p>The PQLI focuses on basic needs while the HDI considers a broader range of human development factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the PQLI?

    <p>It uses equal weights for all three variables, which may not accurately reflect the relative importance of each factor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Education Index calculated for the HDI?

    <p>By averaging the adult literacy rate and years of schooling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum value of the HDI?

    <p>0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries has the lowest infant mortality rate as per the text?

    <p>The text does not provide information on specific countries' infant mortality rates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three dimensions of human development measured by the HDI?

    <p>Life expectancy, education, and standard of living. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum value that the PQLI can achieve?

    <p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that separates the HDI from the PQLI?

    <p>The HDI considers a broader range of factors beyond basic needs, including income and education. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the HDI rank countries with similar HDI values?

    <p>Countries are ranked by their GDP per capita, with higher GDP per capita countries ranked higher. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Human Development Indices

    Composite indices measuring social indicators of human development.

    Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)

    An index created by M.D. Morris in 1979 to measure quality of life in developing countries.

    Components of PQLI

    PQLI combines infant mortality, life expectancy, and literacy rate as indicators.

    Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

    A negative indicator in PQLI showing the number of infant deaths per 1,000 births.

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    Life Expectancy (LE)

    A positive indicator in PQLI showing the average age a person is expected to live.

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    Basic Literacy Rate (BLR)

    A positive indicator in PQLI showing the percentage of people who can read and write at age 15.

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    PQLI Calculation

    PQLI is calculated by averaging the indicators, with scales from 0 to 100.

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    Sensitivity to Distribution Effects

    Indicates how the benefits of improvement in PQLI indicators reach people.

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    Minimum and Maximum in PQLI

    Best performance for LE and BLR is max, for IMR is min; calculations require range values.

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    PQLI vs Inputs

    PQLI measures outcomes (results) not inputs like income; focuses on social well-being.

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    PQLI

    Physical Quality of Life Index, measuring life quality through IMR, LE, and LI.

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    IMRI

    Infant Mortality Rate Index, shows the difference from maximum and current IMR.

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    LEI

    Life Expectancy Index, calculated from actual life expectancy vs. minimum.

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    BLI

    Basic Literacy Index, compares actual literacy rate with minimum literacy.

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    HDI

    Human Development Index, composite index measuring life expectancy, education, and GDP.

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    Longevity

    A measure of life expectancy at birth, indicating lifespan.

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    Educational Attainment

    Measuring education level through literacy and enrollment ratios.

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    GDP Index

    A measure of the standard of living based on GDP per capita.

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    HDI Rankings

    Countries ranked according to their HDI scores, indicating development levels.

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    Development Categories

    Countries are classified into low, medium, and high development based on HDI scores.

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    Study Notes

    Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)

    • Created by M.D. Morris in 1979, the PQLI aimed to measure the quality of life in developing countries.
    • It combines three indicators: infant mortality rate (IMR), life expectancy at age one (LE), and basic literacy rate at age 15 (BLR).
    • Each indicator is measured on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 representing the worst and 100 the best performance.
    • IMR is a negative indicator, so a lower value signifies better performance.
    • PQLI is calculated by averaging the three component indices.
    • An example of calculating the indices is shown, this involves finding the range of values and calculating each index by using the actual value, maximum and minimum values of the indicator.
    • PQLI values are sensitive to how the indicators are distributed among the population.
    • PQLI tries to measure quality of life directly.
    • While useful, it is viewed as a limited measure of basic needs and doesn’t replace GNP but complements it. It does not measure economic development or total welfare.

    Human Development Index (HDI)

    • Invented by Lord Meghnad Desai and Amartya Sen, adopted by the UNDP in its 1990 report.
    • HDI is a composite index evaluating achievements in three fundamental dimensions: longevity, education, and standard of living.
    • Calculated by evaluating these indicators:
      • Longevity, measured by life expectancy at birth
      • Educational attainment, measured by adult literacy (two-thirds weight) and combined primary, secondary, and tertiary enrollment rates (one-third weight)
      • Standard of living, measured by real GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP$).
    • Before calculation, indices are created for each dimension (Life Expectancy, Education, and GDP).
    • The HDI is a simple average of these dimension indices.
    • HDI value ranges from 0 to 1 reflecting progress toward certain goals (e.g., 85 years of average lifespan, universal education). Ranking is comparative.
    • Countries with HDI below 0.5 are low human development, 0.5-0.8 medium, and above 0.8 high.
    • In 1990, there were 177 countries measured. The distribution was: 55 high, 86 mid, and 36 low human development countries.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) with this quiz. Explore the components, calculations, and comparisons to other development measures such as GNP and HDI. Understand the significance and implications of the PQLI in assessing human welfare and development.

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