Physical Properties of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Questions and Answers

Dipole-dipole forces between molecules

Ketones are generally more dense than water

Often unpleasant

Due to strong hydrogen bonding between molecules Signup and view all the answers

Ketones are less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols Signup and view all the answers

Unpleasant, pungent odor Signup and view all the answers

Aldehydes are generally more dense than water Signup and view all the answers

Due to weaker dipole-dipole forces Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Boiling Point: Aldehydes have higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes due to dipole-dipole forces between molecules.
Solubility: Soluble in organic solvents and water, but less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols.
Density: Generally, aldehydes are denser than water.
Odor: Many aldehydes have characteristic, often unpleasant, odors.

Boiling Point: Ketones have higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes, but lower than aldehydes, due to weaker dipole-dipole forces.
Solubility: Soluble in organic solvents and water, but less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols.
Density: Generally, ketones are denser than water.
Odor: Many ketones have characteristic, sweet or fruity, odors.

Boiling Point: Carboxylic acids have high boiling points due to strong hydrogen bonding between molecules.
Solubility: Soluble in water and organic solvents, but less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols.
Density: Generally, carboxylic acids are denser than water.
Odor: Many carboxylic acids have unpleasant, pungent, odors.

Note: These physical properties are general trends and may vary depending on the specific compound.

Higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes due to dipole-dipole forces between molecules.
Soluble in organic solvents and water, but less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols.
Generally denser than water.
Many have characteristic, often unpleasant, odors.

Higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes, but lower than aldehydes, due to weaker dipole-dipole forces.
Soluble in organic solvents and water, but less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols.
Generally denser than water.
Many have characteristic, sweet or fruity, odors.

High boiling points due to strong hydrogen bonding between molecules.
Soluble in water and organic solvents, but less soluble in water than corresponding alcohols.
Generally denser than water.
Many have unpleasant, pungent, odors.