Physical Layer in Network Communication

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the physical layer in the OSI model?

  • To manage and control data exchange between devices
  • To encode and decode data for transmission
  • To provide routing and switching of data packets
  • To create electrical, optical, or radio wave signals that represent the bits in each frame (correct)

Who defines the standards governing the physical layer?

  • Electrical and communications engineering organizations (correct)
  • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  • Software engineers and computer scientists
  • OSI model developers

What are the three functional areas addressed by Physical Layer Standards?

  • Network Layer, Transport Layer, and Session Layer
  • Physical Components, Encoding, and Routing
  • Signaling, Error Correction, and Flow Control
  • Physical Components, Encoding, and Signaling (correct)

What is the role of the destination node physical layer?

<p>To retrieve individual signals from the media and restore them to their bit representations (B)</p>
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What is encoded and transmitted by the physical layer?

<p>Signals and waves (A)</p>
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What is the primary focus of the physical layer standards?

<p>Electronic circuitry, media, and connectors (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of the physical components in the physical layer?

<p>To transmit the signals that represent the bits (C)</p>
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What is the relationship between the physical layer and the data link layer?

<p>The data link layer retrieves data from the physical layer (D)</p>
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What is encoding in the context of the physical layer?

<p>A method to convert digital information into a recognizable format (C)</p>
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What type of signal transition represents a 0 bit in Manchester encoding?

<p>High- to low-voltage transition (D)</p>
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What type of encoding is used in 100BASE-TX Ethernet standards?

<p>4B/5B encoding (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of the physical layer in terms of signaling?

<p>To generate electrical, optical, or wireless signals (A)</p>
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What determines the method of signaling in the physical layer?

<p>The type of medium being used (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of encoding in the physical layer?

<p>To represent digital information in a predictable pattern (D)</p>
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What type of encoding is used in older Ethernet standards such as 10BASE-T?

<p>Manchester encoding (B)</p>
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What is the role of physical layer standards in terms of signaling?

<p>To define what type of signal represents a 1 and what type of signal represents a 0 (D)</p>
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What is the main difference between Goodput and Throughput?

<p>Goodput includes traffic overhead, while Throughput does not. (D)</p>
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What is the primary factor that limits copper cabling in networks?

<p>Attenuation (B)</p>
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What effect does crosstalk have on data signals in copper cabling?

<p>Distort and corrupt the data signals (D)</p>
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What acts as a mitigation technique for attenuation in copper cabling?

<p>Maintaining strict adherence to cable length limits (A)</p>
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How does latency affect the transfer of data between two points?

<p>Delays the data transmission process (A)</p>
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Which of the following elements can lead to signal distortion in copper cabling?

<p>Electromagnetic Interference (B)</p>
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What determines the measure of data transferred over a given period of time in a network?

<p>Throughput (C)</p>
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Why is copper cabling considered the most common type of cabling in networks today?

<p>Inexpensive and easy to install (B)</p>
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Why are fiberoptic cables well suited for use?

<p>They are resistant to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. (B)</p>
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What is a limitation of wireless communication when it comes to security?

<p>It is accessible without the need for a physical connection, posing a security risk. (C)</p>
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What distinguishes fiberoptic cabling from UTP cabling in terms of installation skills?

<p>Fiberoptic cabling requires higher installation skills than UTP cabling. (A)</p>
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What is a key characteristic of wireless media that impacts bandwidth sharing among users?

<p>The half-duplex operation, allowing only one device to send or receive at a time. (A)</p>
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Why is fiberoptic cabling immune to electrical hazards?

<p>Because it is not susceptible to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. (A)</p>
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What factor makes wireless communication more susceptible to disruptions?

<p>The shared medium characteristic, operating in half-duplex mode. (A)</p>
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How does fiberoptic cabling compare to UTP cabling in terms of media and connector costs?

<p>Fiberoptic cabling has the highest media and connector costs. (B)</p>
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What property of fiberoptic cabling makes it well suited for long-distance connections?

<p>Immunity to electrical hazards. (D)</p>
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What is bandwidth in a network?

<p>The capacity of a medium to carry data (C)</p>
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Which unit is used to measure bandwidth?

<p>Bits per second (B)</p>
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What does digital bandwidth measure?

<p>The amount of data that can flow in a given time (B)</p>
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What are the factors that determine the practical bandwidth of a network?

<p>The properties of the physical media and the technologies used (B)</p>
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Which term is NOT used to measure the quality of bandwidth?

<p>Resolution (B)</p>
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What does 'bps' stand for in the context of bandwidth measurement?

<p>Bits per section (A)</p>
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How many bits are in a kilobit per second (Kbps)?

<p>1,000 bps (D)</p>
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What is the equivalent of 1 Gbps in bits per second (bps)?

<p>1,000,000,000 bps (C)</p>
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