Physical Layer in Network Communication

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What is the primary function of the physical layer in the OSI model?

To manage and control data exchange between devices

To encode and decode data for transmission

To provide routing and switching of data packets

To create electrical, optical, or radio wave signals that represent the bits in each frame (correct)

Who defines the standards governing the physical layer?

Electrical and communications engineering organizations (correct)

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Software engineers and computer scientists

OSI model developers

What are the three functional areas addressed by Physical Layer Standards?

Network Layer, Transport Layer, and Session Layer

Physical Components, Encoding, and Routing

Signaling, Error Correction, and Flow Control

Physical Components, Encoding, and Signaling (correct)

What is the role of the destination node physical layer?

To retrieve individual signals from the media and restore them to their bit representations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is encoded and transmitted by the physical layer?

Signals and waves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the physical layer standards?

Electronic circuitry, media, and connectors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the physical components in the physical layer?

To transmit the signals that represent the bits (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the physical layer and the data link layer?

The data link layer retrieves data from the physical layer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is encoding in the context of the physical layer?

A method to convert digital information into a recognizable format (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of signal transition represents a 0 bit in Manchester encoding?

High- to low-voltage transition (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding is used in 100BASE-TX Ethernet standards?

4B/5B encoding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the physical layer in terms of signaling?

To generate electrical, optical, or wireless signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the method of signaling in the physical layer?

The type of medium being used (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of encoding in the physical layer?

To represent digital information in a predictable pattern (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding is used in older Ethernet standards such as 10BASE-T?

Manchester encoding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of physical layer standards in terms of signaling?

To define what type of signal represents a 1 and what type of signal represents a 0 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Goodput and Throughput?

Goodput includes traffic overhead, while Throughput does not. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that limits copper cabling in networks?

Attenuation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does crosstalk have on data signals in copper cabling?

Distort and corrupt the data signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What acts as a mitigation technique for attenuation in copper cabling?

Maintaining strict adherence to cable length limits (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does latency affect the transfer of data between two points?

Delays the data transmission process (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements can lead to signal distortion in copper cabling?

Electromagnetic Interference (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the measure of data transferred over a given period of time in a network?

Throughput (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is copper cabling considered the most common type of cabling in networks today?

Inexpensive and easy to install (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are fiberoptic cables well suited for use?

They are resistant to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of wireless communication when it comes to security?

It is accessible without the need for a physical connection, posing a security risk. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fiberoptic cabling from UTP cabling in terms of installation skills?

Fiberoptic cabling requires higher installation skills than UTP cabling. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of wireless media that impacts bandwidth sharing among users?

The half-duplex operation, allowing only one device to send or receive at a time. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is fiberoptic cabling immune to electrical hazards?

Because it is not susceptible to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factor makes wireless communication more susceptible to disruptions?

The shared medium characteristic, operating in half-duplex mode. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does fiberoptic cabling compare to UTP cabling in terms of media and connector costs?

Fiberoptic cabling has the highest media and connector costs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What property of fiberoptic cabling makes it well suited for long-distance connections?

Immunity to electrical hazards. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is bandwidth in a network?

The capacity of a medium to carry data (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is used to measure bandwidth?

Bits per second (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does digital bandwidth measure?

The amount of data that can flow in a given time (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that determine the practical bandwidth of a network?

The properties of the physical media and the technologies used (B) Signup and view all the answers