Physical Layer in Computer Networks
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Questions and Answers

What is the last step in the encapsulation process?

  • Encoding the frames
  • Sending bits over the physical medium (correct)
  • Creating frames
  • Retrieving individual signals from the media

    • What does the physical layer encode?

  • Frames
  • Packets
  • Bits (correct)
  • Signals

    • Who defines the services and protocols in the TCP/IP suite?

  • Electrical engineers
  • Software engineers
  • Computer scientists
  • The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (correct)

    • What do Physical Layer Standards address?

    <p>Three functional areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are specified in standards associated with the physical layer?

    <p>Hardware components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the destination node physical layer retrieve?

    <p>Signals from the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the physical layer create?

    <p>Electrical, optical, or radio wave signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who develops the electronic circuitry, media, and connectors of the physical layer?

    <p>Electrical engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time?

    <p>Goodput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of copper cabling?

    <p>Limited by distance and signal interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another?

    <p>Latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of interference that occurs between adjacent wires?

    <p>Crosstalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can mitigate attenuation in copper cabling?

    <p>Strict adherence to cable length limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time?

    <p>Throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the degradation of signal strength over distance?

    <p>Attenuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using copper cabling?

    <p>It is inexpensive and easy to install</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of encoding in the physical layer?

    <p>To provide a predictable pattern that can be recognized by the next device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of encoding is used in older Ethernet standards, such as 10BASE-T?

    <p>Manchester encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the signaling method in the physical layer?

    <p>The way bits are represented on the physical medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the physical layer standards to define the type of signal?

    <p>To represent the 1s and 0s on the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transition point in Manchester encoding?

    <p>At the middle of each bit period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the physical layer in generating signals?

    <p>To represent the 1s and 0s on the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of encoding is used in Ethernet 100BASETX?

    <p>4B/5B encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of encoding is used in 1000BASE-T?

    <p>8B/10B encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to mitigate EMI and RFI in copper cables?

    <p>Using metallic shielding and grounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of fiber-optic cabling?

    <p>It is completely immune to EMI and RFI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of single-mode fiber?

    <p>Long-distance, high-bandwidth applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dispersion in fiber-optic cabling?

    <p>The spreading out of a light pulse over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is multimode fiber limited to a maximum cable distance of 550 meters?

    <p>Due to its increased dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to encode bits as pulses of light in fiber-optic cabling?

    <p>A laser or LED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between single-mode and multimode fiber?

    <p>Core size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is fiber-optic cabling typically used?

    <p>In high-traffic, point-to-point connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Wireless Access Point?

    <p>To concentrate wireless signals from users and connect to the existing copper-based network infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of WiMAX technology?

    <p>To provide broadband wireless access using a point-to-multipoint topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Zigbee technology?

    <p>Internet of Things (IoT) applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protocol used by Wi-Fi technology?

    <p>Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical distance range for Bluetooth technology?

    <p>1 to 100 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Network Administrators in WLAN security?

    <p>To develop and apply stringent security policies and processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Wireless NIC Adapter?

    <p>To provide capability to network hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical feature of home and small business wireless routers?

    <p>They integrate the functions of a router, switch, and access point into one device</p> Signup and view all the answers

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