Physical Layer in Computer Networks
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Questions and Answers

What is the last step in the encapsulation process?

  • Encoding the frames
  • Sending bits over the physical medium (correct)
  • Creating frames
  • Retrieving individual signals from the media

What does the physical layer encode?

  • Frames
  • Packets
  • Bits (correct)
  • Signals

Who defines the services and protocols in the TCP/IP suite?

  • Electrical engineers
  • Software engineers
  • Computer scientists
  • The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (correct)

What do Physical Layer Standards address?

<p>Three functional areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are specified in standards associated with the physical layer?

<p>Hardware components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the destination node physical layer retrieve?

<p>Signals from the media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the physical layer create?

<p>Electrical, optical, or radio wave signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who develops the electronic circuitry, media, and connectors of the physical layer?

<p>Electrical engineers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time?

<p>Goodput (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of copper cabling?

<p>Limited by distance and signal interference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another?

<p>Latency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of interference that occurs between adjacent wires?

<p>Crosstalk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can mitigate attenuation in copper cabling?

<p>Strict adherence to cable length limits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time?

<p>Throughput (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the degradation of signal strength over distance?

<p>Attenuation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using copper cabling?

<p>It is inexpensive and easy to install (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of encoding in the physical layer?

<p>To provide a predictable pattern that can be recognized by the next device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding is used in older Ethernet standards, such as 10BASE-T?

<p>Manchester encoding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the signaling method in the physical layer?

<p>The way bits are represented on the physical medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the physical layer standards to define the type of signal?

<p>To represent the 1s and 0s on the media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transition point in Manchester encoding?

<p>At the middle of each bit period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the physical layer in generating signals?

<p>To represent the 1s and 0s on the media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding is used in Ethernet 100BASETX?

<p>4B/5B encoding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding is used in 1000BASE-T?

<p>8B/10B encoding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to mitigate EMI and RFI in copper cables?

<p>Using metallic shielding and grounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of fiber-optic cabling?

<p>It is completely immune to EMI and RFI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of single-mode fiber?

<p>Long-distance, high-bandwidth applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dispersion in fiber-optic cabling?

<p>The spreading out of a light pulse over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is multimode fiber limited to a maximum cable distance of 550 meters?

<p>Due to its increased dispersion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to encode bits as pulses of light in fiber-optic cabling?

<p>A laser or LED (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between single-mode and multimode fiber?

<p>Core size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is fiber-optic cabling typically used?

<p>In high-traffic, point-to-point connections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Wireless Access Point?

<p>To concentrate wireless signals from users and connect to the existing copper-based network infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of WiMAX technology?

<p>To provide broadband wireless access using a point-to-multipoint topology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Zigbee technology?

<p>Internet of Things (IoT) applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protocol used by Wi-Fi technology?

<p>Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical distance range for Bluetooth technology?

<p>1 to 100 meters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Network Administrators in WLAN security?

<p>To develop and apply stringent security policies and processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Wireless NIC Adapter?

<p>To provide capability to network hosts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical feature of home and small business wireless routers?

<p>They integrate the functions of a router, switch, and access point into one device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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