SFWRTECH 3IT3: Physical & Data Link Layers

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Physical Layer in the OSI model?

Establishes/terminates a connection to the medium, participates in resolving contention/flow control, and modulates digital data into signals suitable for transmission.

What type of physical media is capable of carrying broadband services, such as high-frequency signal transmission?

Coaxial cable

What are the three main components of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model?

IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC), IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method, and Media Access Control (MAC) Addresses

What type of device is responsible for repeating signals in a network, and is an example of a Layer 1 device?

<p>Repeater</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of converting digital data into signals suitable for transmission over a physical medium?

<p>Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of resolving contention and controlling the flow of data in a network?

<p>Flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum distance supported by Multi-mode Optical fibre for 1 Gbps Ethernet?

<p>550 metres</p> Signup and view all the answers

What frequency band is used by Bluetooth and 802.11b/g/n/ax/be Wi-Fi?

<p>2.4 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of WiMAX technology?

<p>To deliver 'last mile' broadband services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between isotropic and directional antennas?

<p>Direction of transmission power</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum range of WiMAX technology?

<p>2-66 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antenna is most suitable for multiple receivers?

<p>Omnidirectional (isotropic) antenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connector is often used in conjunction with fibre connectors for higher interface speeds (10+ Gbps) and greater distances?

<p>SFP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of line codes in digital transmission?

<p>To tune the code to the properties of the channel and encode the digital signal into a pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connector is characterized by a simple, push-pull connector that is commonly used in data networking applications?

<p>LC (Lucent Connector)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the RJ-45 connector pinout configuration that is typically used for 10BaseT, 100BaseTX, and 1000BaseT Ethernet connections?

<p>T568A or T568B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connector is commonly used for coaxial cable connections and is characterized by a Bayonet-style mount?

<p>BNC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of fibre-optic connector that is characterized by a straight tip and is often used in simplex applications?

<p>ST (Straight Tip) connector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using line coding in Ethernet, apart from synchronizing the clock signal?

<p>Assisting in error detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 4B5B line coding scheme map groups of bits into symbols?

<p>Maps groups of 4 bits into 5-bit symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control characters in the 4B5B line coding scheme?

<p>Used for error detection and control characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 5 symbol levels in the 4D-PAM5 line coding scheme?

<p>Maps to -1V, -0.5V, 0, +0.5V, +1V</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 8b/10b line coding scheme map groups of bits into symbols?

<p>Maps groups of 8 bits into 10-bit symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layer in the Data Link Layer?

<p>Recognizes start/end of frames in the bitstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the notation DSAP=SSAP=0xAA signify in the context of Ethernet frame formats?

<p>The 802.3 format with SNAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SNAP protocol in Ethernet frames?

<p>To accommodate protocols that cannot be identified by the 1-byte SAP fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of the SNAP header in an Ethernet frame?

<p>A 3-byte OUI and a 2-byte protocol type field</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the joint EtherType/Length definition in modern Ethernet frame formats?

<p>It is used to identify the type of frame received</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Data Link Layer (L2) in the OSI model?

<p>Neighbour-to-neighbour communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the access method used in Ethernet, as discussed in the lecture?

<p>CSMA/CD</p> Signup and view all the answers

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