Physical Layer Communication Quiz
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Physical Layer Communication Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main functions of the data link layer in a network?

  • Data storage
  • Error detection (correct)
  • Network topology design
  • Data encryption

    • Which access methodology is used in bus and star LANs?

  • Token Passing
  • Aloha Protocol
  • Polling
  • CSMA/CD (correct)

    • Which network topology does NOT utilize the Token Passing access method?

  • Token Bus
  • Bus
  • Token Ring
  • Star (correct)

    • What type of cables are typically used in standard Ethernet LANs?

    <p>Copper wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the ring topology?

    <p>Devices are connected in a circular manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is associated with the operation of the token ring LAN?

    <p>IEEE 802.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of network does not involve landlines as the transmission medium?

    <p>Wireless LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network protocol is widely used across Ethernet LANs today?

    <p>TCP/IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the D Channel in ISDN BRI?

    <p>Reserved for control and signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to convert analog voice signals into digital format?

    <p>Pulse Amplitude Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature allows users to detect crank callers who hang up?

    <p>*69</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total channel capacity provided by ISDN PRI?

    <p>Two 128 Kbps channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a voice transmission alternative to PSTN?

    <p>Analog POTS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary technology used in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the typical bandwidth of a T-1 line?

    <p>1.544 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of Wireless LANs (WLANs) in terms of performance?

    <p>Sensitivity to numbers of simultaneous users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard is commonly used in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) for circuit switching?

    <p>Circuit switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connectors is a T-1 line typically terminated with?

    <p>RJ-48c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is responsible for connecting a router or telecom switch to T-1 lines at the customer premises?

    <p>CSU/DSU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the physical layer in data transmission?

    <p>To transmit and receive streams of bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of USB connectors?

    <p>They can be used to connect multiple devices through hubs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation on the range of Wireless LANs (WLANs)?

    <p>Interference from physical obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the practical throughput of WLAN 802.11b?

    <p>4 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attenuation in the context of signal transmission?

    <p>The loss of signal power over a distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cable type is known for providing reliable, high-speed data transmission over long distances?

    <p>Coaxial Cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does fiber optic cable have over other guided media?

    <p>It is immune to electro-magnetic interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables?

    <p>They consist of pairs of wires twisted together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes fiber optic cables advantageous for high-speed data transmission?

    <p>Transmission of pulses of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serial communication standard has largely replaced RS-232 for basic applications?

    <p>USB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a CSU/DSU device in a network?

    <p>To format and manage data transmission between routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes SONET from T-1 line services?

    <p>SONET provides higher transmission capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique does not belong to the two primary switching methods?

    <p>Frame switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the hierarchical address method for U.S. telephone numbers?

    <p>Three-digit area code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the local loop refer to in a telecommunications system?

    <p>The connection between customer and central office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of system signaling in telecommunications?

    <p>To transmit information about the call itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the telephone system is primarily involved in establishing calls?

    <p>Telephone switch at the central office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connection does the PSTN provide?

    <p>Switched circuit connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Layer Overview

    • The physical layer transmits and receives a stream of bits without data recognition.
    • Protocols define the electrical, mechanical, and procedural specifications for data transmission.

    Serial Transmission Standards

    • Serial transmission is fundamental for data communication between computers.
    • Common standards include RS-232 and USB, with USB utilizing multipoint connectors, replacing RS-232 in basic applications.

    Twisted Pair Cables

    • Types of twisted pairs include Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP).
    • STP cables have extra shielding to protect against interference.

    Signal Degradation

    • Attenuation refers to the loss of signal power over distance in wiring.

    Coaxial Cable

    • Coaxial cable (coax) has specialized insulators and shielding separating conductors for reliable, long-distance data transmission.
    • Historically used in Ethernet architectures, it remains significant in high-speed Internet connectivity through cable modems.

    Fiber-Optic Cable

    • Fiber optic cables deliver Gigabyte-speed data transmissions over miles and are among the most secure media.
    • Immune to electromagnetic interference and utilize light pulses for transmission.

    Cable Modems

    • Cable providers offer significantly higher bandwidth than telephone companies due to coaxial media used in cable transmission.
    • Provides a reliable communication link with functions including error detection, correction, and flow control.
    • Sub-layers include media access control (MAC) and logical link control (LLC).

    LAN Architecture

    • Comprises transmission mode, access methodology, and network topology.
    • No universally best architecture; it varies by needs.

    Access Methodology

    • Protocols include CSMA/CD for bus and star LANs, and token passing for token rings.

    Network Topologies

    • Primary topologies include bus (popular in IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD), ring (IEEE 802.5 Token Ring), and star (commonly used in modern Ethernet).
    • Early Ethernet typically utilized bus and star architectures.

    Emerging Alternatives to LANs

    • Personal Area Networks (PANs), like Bluetooth, and wireless home networks (HomeRF, Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11).

    Wireless LANs (WLAN)

    • WLANs support speeds up to 11 Mbps theoretically, with practical speeds closer to 4 Mbps.
    • Range is limited, sensitive to user load.

    Voice Network Concepts

    • Telephone calls use circuit switching, traditionally established through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

    WAN Architectures

    • T-1 standard offers 1.544 Mbps in North America; E-1 provides 2.048 Mbps in other regions.
    • T-1 typically delivered via copper wires, while T-3 uses optical fiber.

    T-1 Technology

    • The CSU/DSU connects routers or telecom switches to T-1 lines.
    • CSU/DSUs facilitate communication with network management systems via SNMP.

    SONET and SDH

    • SONET delivers higher transmission capacity than T-1 due to fiber optic technology.
    • Supported by ANSI standards T1.105 and T1.106.

    Switching Techniques

    • Circuit switching and packet switching establish temporary connections between message sources and destinations.

    Telephone Infrastructure

    • The local loop connects the central office to the customer and is the last analog component in the system.

    PSTN and Internet Connectivity

    • PSTN provides switched circuits for voice communication and employs a hierarchical telephone numbering method.

    System Signaling

    • Telephone systems utilize in-band and out-of-band signaling methods for call information transfer.

    Voice Digitization

    • Combines analog and digital technologies for voice communication without user notice, using Pulse Amplitude Modulation.

    Voice Transmission Alternatives

    • VoIP, Frame Relay, and ATM are viable alternatives to traditional PSTN voice transmission.

    ISDN Services

    • ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) provides two 64 Kbps channels for voice and data, with a 16 Kbps signaling channel.
    • ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) offers higher speeds with two 128 Kbps channels and a 64 Kbps signaling channel.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the physical layer of data communication, including copper and fiber optics connections. Explore the principles of serial transmission standards and the protocols that govern data transmission in computing. This quiz covers key concepts relevant to the transmission of bits without data recognition.

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